ReviewInternational journal of reproductive biomedicine2018
Prevalence, causes, and complications of cesarean delivery in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Review in International journal of reproductive biomedicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- Infant gut microbiota following cesarean section in the Middle East: a multidisciplinary expert consensus based on a targeted narrative review.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Pooled it
- Maternal and fetal risks of planned vaginal breech delivery vs planned caesarean section for term breech birth: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2022Pooled it
- Prevalence of and reasons for women's, family members', and health professionals' preferences for cesarean section in Iran: a mixed-methods systematic review.Reproductive health · 2021Pooled it
- The success of vaginal birth by use of trans-labial ultrasound plus vaginal examination and vaginal examination only in pregnant women with labor induction: a comparative study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Trial
- The most appropriate cervical dilatation for massage to reduce labor pain and anxiety: a randomized clinical trial.BMC women's health · 2022Trial
- Comparison the effect of Swedish massage and interferential electrical stimulation on labor pain and childbirth experience in primiparous women: a randomized controlled clinical trial.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2022Trial
- Trial
- The effect of midwifery led counseling based on Gamble's approach on childbirth fear and self-efficacy in nulligravida women.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2020Trial
- Investigating the effect of familiarization with wound care after cesarean section through multimedia in reducing wound complications.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Identifying factors contributing to health workers' preferences for elective caesarean section: a qualitative study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Prevalence, related factors, and outcomes of fear of childbirth in pregnant women visiting health centers in Tabriz, Iran: a prospective study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Design, development, and evaluation of a web-based consultation system for birth after cesarean: a mixed-method study protocol.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Investigating factors affecting the increase in cesarean section rates in primiparity women.Journal of education and health promotion · 2026Article
- Fetal rights from Islamic and contemporary legal perspectives: a scoping review.Reproductive health · 2025Article
- Article
- Doctors' experiences on dealing with informed consent required for lifesaving interventions for pregnant women in Somalia.Frontiers in global women's health · 2025Article
- Assessment of Coffee Consumption on Post-Cesarean Section Bowel Movements.Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology of India · 2024Article
- Calendrical Caesarean Section; Iranian Model.Iranian journal of public health · 2024Article
- Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundUncontrolled increase of C-section is one of the major problems in Iranian health system, such that C-section is the most common surgical procedure in the entire country's hospitals in Obstetrics and Gynecology sections. A variety of complications also come along with cesarean.
objectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, causes, and complications of cesarean in Iran. MATERIALS AND
methodsforty-one articles were considered with respect to certain criteria and were included in a systematic review to perform a meta-analysis study. The systematic review's search was conducted on SID, Iranmedx, Magiran, Medlib, PubMed, and Science Direct databases published between1999-2016. The weight of each included study was calculated according to its sample size and the reported prevalence of binomial distribution. A random-effects model using R and STATA (Version 11.2) software was utilized for analyzing data.
resultsThe total number of the sample was 197514 pregnant women with a mean age of 26.72 yr. The prevalence of cesarean in Iran was estimated at 48%. The main reasons for the prevalence of cesarean in this study were mothers' higher education, previous cesarean, and doctor recommendation. The most frequent complication in women undergoing cesarean was the muscular pain, and the most common fetal complications in newborns by caesarean delivery was transient tachypnea.
conclusionThe prevalence of C-section in Iran is much higher than what WHO recommends. It is essential, to decrease such a phenomenon, making the mothers aware of the risks of cesarean delivery, and establishing counselling sessions as well to eliminate the mothers' fear of vaginal delivery.
Indexed as
Identifiers
29942930PMC6004597W2809558843What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.