ReviewNature and science of sleep2018
Sleeping tongue: current perspectives of genioglossus control in healthy individuals and patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
Review in Nature and science of sleep, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessment and rehabilitation of tongue motor skills with myofunctional therapy in obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of respiratory muscle therapy on obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2020Pooled it
- The effect of tongue elevation muscle training in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: A randomised controlled trial.Journal of oral rehabilitation · 2022Trial
- Inspiratory muscle training as adjuvant therapy in obstructive sleep apnea: a randomized controlled trial.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologica · 2022Trial
- GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Translational Perspective on Mechanisms and Clinical Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Three-class obstructive sleep apnea severity assessment: a parallel AHI and ODI explainable artificial intelligence framework using craniofacial-enriched clinical data.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2026Article
- Ultrasonographic evaluation of genioglossus and geniohyoid muscles stiffness in obstructive sleep apnea.Oral radiology · 2026Article
- Multi-regional radiomics of obstructive sleep apnea based on synthetic MRI.Respiratory research · 2026Article
- Tongue Pressure as a Predictor of Tongue Base Collapse in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- [Characterastics and determinants of upper airway collapse in OSA patients with different genioglossus negative pressure reflex patterns during DISE].Lin chuang er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Journal of clinical otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery · 2026Article
- Causal associations between sleep apnea and dementia: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2026Article
- Quantitative Assessment of Extrinsic Tongue Muscle Stiffness in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Using Shear Wave Elastography.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A Novel Approach to the Study of Pathophysiology in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI).Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Abnormalities in the genioglossus muscle and its neuromuscular synapse in leptin-deficient male mice.Skeletal muscle · 2025Article
- Exploring Exercise Interventions for Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Scoping Review.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2025Review
- Assessment of Craniofacial Growth Pattern Relative to Respiratory Mandibular Movement and Sleep Characteristics: A Pilot Study.European journal of dentistry · 2025Article
- Evaluating the Association Between Risk Factors of Obstructive Sleep Apnea with Oral Dysfunction and Lifestyle Behavior in Korean Adults Using Data from the Eighth Cycle of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Compartmental inspiratory genioglossus electromyographic activity in supine, awake individuals with and without obstructive sleep apnoea.The Journal of physiology · 2025Article
- Enhancing artificial intelligence-driven sleep apnea diagnosis: The critical importance of input signal proficiency with a focus on mandibular jaw movements.Journal of prosthodontics : official journal of the American College of Prosthodontists · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The focus of this review was on the genioglossus (GG) muscle and its role in maintaining upper airway patency in both healthy individuals and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. This review provided an overview of GG anatomy and GG control and function during both wakefulness and sleep in healthy individuals and in those with OSA. We reviewed evidence for the role of the GG in OSA pathogenesis and also highlighted abnormalities in GG morphology, responsiveness, tissue movement patterns and neurogenic control that may contribute to or result from OSA. We summarized the different methods for improving GG function and/or activity in OSA and their efficacy. In addition, we discussed the possibility that assessing the synergistic activation of multiple upper airway dilator muscles may provide greater insight into upper airway function and OSA pathogenesis, rather than assessing the GG in isolation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.