Materials informatics for self-assembly of functionalized organic precursors on metal surfaces.

Bottom-up fabrication via on-surface molecular self-assembly is a way to create defect-free, low-dimensional nanomaterials. For bottom-up fabrication to succeed, precursor molecules which correctly assemble into the target structure must be first identified. Here we present an informatics technique which connects self-assembled structures with particular chemical properties of the precursor molecules. Application of this method produces a visual output (a dendrogram) that functions much like the periodic table, but whereas the periodic table puts atoms into categories according to the way in which they bond to each other, the dendrogram put molecules into categories according to the way in which they arrange in a self-assembled structure. By applying this method to the case of functionalized bianthracene precursors adsorbed to copper(111), we identify the functional groups needed to assemble one-dimensional chains, two-dimensional tilings, and other shapes. This methodology can therefore help to identify appropriate precursor molecules for forming target nanomaterials via bottom-up fabrication.