Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29941432›Full record

ArticleCMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne2018

The evolving epidemiology of

Kevin C Katz, George R Golding, Kelly Baekyung Choi, Linda Pelude, Kanchana R Amaratunga, Monica Taljaard, Stephanie Alexandre, Jun Chen Collet, Ian Davis, Tim Du and 23 more

Open access · goldAbstract readMulticenter Study

PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher

In one paragraph

Article in CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

36citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it

5.1field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

36 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.

Burden of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) - a systematic review of the epidemiology of primary and recurrent CDI.BMC infectious diseases · 2021
Pooled it
Clostridioides difficile ribotype 106: A systematic review of the antimicrobial susceptibility, genetics, and clinical outcomes of this common worldwide strain.Anaerobe · 2020
Pooled it
Effectiveness of Bio-K+ for the prevention ofInfection control and hospital epidemiology · 2024
Trial
Changes in the Epidemiology of Clostridioides difficile Infection.Infectious disease clinics of North America · 2025
Review
Investigating in-hospital transmission ofJournal of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada = Journal officiel de l'Association pour la microbiologie medicale et l'infectiologie Canada · 2025
Article
Characterization of Adult and Pediatric Healthcare-Associated and Community-Associated Clostridioides difficile Infections, Canada, 2015-2022.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025
Article
The Global Burden ofInfectious disease reports · 2025
Review
Microbiology spectrum · 2025
Article
Methods of a Reproducible Mouse Model of Clostridioides difficile Infection to Investigate Novel Bacterial-Based Therapies.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025
Article
Validation of Lyophilized Human Fecal Microbiota for the Treatment ofMicroorganisms · 2024
Article
Multimodal vaccination targeting the receptor binding domains ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2024
Article
Prescribing Trends for Oral Vancomycin and Fidaxomicin after Guideline and Formulary Changes in Ontario, Canada: An Interrupted Time-Series Analysis.The Canadian journal of hospital pharmacy · 2024
Article
Derivation and internal validation of the multivariate toxigenicAntimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2024
Article
Increased Incidence and Risk of Septicemia and Urinary Tract Infection AfterOpen forum infectious diseases · 2023
Article
Insights into the Evolving Epidemiology ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023
Review
Healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial resistance in Canadian acute care hospitals, 2017-2021.Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada · 2023
Article
Epidemiology of Primary and Recurrent Healthcare-Associated and Community-Associated Pediatric Clostridioides difficile Infection in Canada, 2015-2020.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2023
Article
Costs Attributable to Clostridioides difficile Infection Based on the Setting of Onset.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023
Article
Molecular Epidemiology, Clinical Course, and Implementation of Specific Hygiene Measures in Hospitalised Patients withMicroorganisms · 2022
Article
The Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program: Keeping an eye on antimicrobial resistance in Canadian hospitals since 1995.Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada · 2022
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

33 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Kevin C KatzNorth York General Hospital (Katz), Toronto, Ont.; National Microbiology Laboratory (Golding, Du, Mulvey), Winnipeg, Man.; Public Health Agency Canada (Choi, Pelude, Amaratunga, Alexandre, Gravel), Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Taljaard), Ottawa, Ont.; BC Children's Hospital, BC Women's Hospital (Collet), Vancouver, BC; Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre (Davis), Halifax, NS; Kingston General Hospital (Evans), Kingston, Ont.; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette), Montréal, Que.; University Health Network (Hota, Lemieux), Toronto, Ont.; Royal Jubilee Hospital (Kibsey), Victoria, BC; IWK Health Centre (Langley), Halifax, NS; Stollery Children's Hospital (Lee), Edmonton, Alta.; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin), Montréal, Que.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (Maze Dit Mieusement), Toronto, Ont.; Regina General Hospital (Minion), Regina, Sask.; Montreal Children's Hospital (Moore), Montréal, Que.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Richardson, Science), Toronto, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Simor), Toronto, Ont.; Western Memorial Regional Hospital (Stagg), Corner Brook, NL; The Ottawa Hospital (Suh, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; University of Alberta Hospital (Taylor), Edmonton, Alta., Royal University Hospital (Wong), Saskatoon, Sask.; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (Thampi), Ottawa, Ont. Kevin.Katz@nygh.on.ca.

George R GoldingNorth York General Hospital (Katz), Toronto, Ont.; National Microbiology Laboratory (Golding, Du, Mulvey), Winnipeg, Man.; Public Health Agency Canada (Choi, Pelude, Amaratunga, Alexandre, Gravel), Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Taljaard), Ottawa, Ont.; BC Children's Hospital, BC Women's Hospital (Collet), Vancouver, BC; Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre (Davis), Halifax, NS; Kingston General Hospital (Evans), Kingston, Ont.; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette), Montréal, Que.; University Health Network (Hota, Lemieux), Toronto, Ont.; Royal Jubilee Hospital (Kibsey), Victoria, BC; IWK Health Centre (Langley), Halifax, NS; Stollery Children's Hospital (Lee), Edmonton, Alta.; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin), Montréal, Que.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (Maze Dit Mieusement), Toronto, Ont.; Regina General Hospital (Minion), Regina, Sask.; Montreal Children's Hospital (Moore), Montréal, Que.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Richardson, Science), Toronto, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Simor), Toronto, Ont.; Western Memorial Regional Hospital (Stagg), Corner Brook, NL; The Ottawa Hospital (Suh, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; University of Alberta Hospital (Taylor), Edmonton, Alta., Royal University Hospital (Wong), Saskatoon, Sask.; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (Thampi), Ottawa, Ont.

Kelly Baekyung ChoiNorth York General Hospital (Katz), Toronto, Ont.; National Microbiology Laboratory (Golding, Du, Mulvey), Winnipeg, Man.; Public Health Agency Canada (Choi, Pelude, Amaratunga, Alexandre, Gravel), Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Taljaard), Ottawa, Ont.; BC Children's Hospital, BC Women's Hospital (Collet), Vancouver, BC; Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre (Davis), Halifax, NS; Kingston General Hospital (Evans), Kingston, Ont.; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette), Montréal, Que.; University Health Network (Hota, Lemieux), Toronto, Ont.; Royal Jubilee Hospital (Kibsey), Victoria, BC; IWK Health Centre (Langley), Halifax, NS; Stollery Children's Hospital (Lee), Edmonton, Alta.; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin), Montréal, Que.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (Maze Dit Mieusement), Toronto, Ont.; Regina General Hospital (Minion), Regina, Sask.; Montreal Children's Hospital (Moore), Montréal, Que.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Richardson, Science), Toronto, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Simor), Toronto, Ont.; Western Memorial Regional Hospital (Stagg), Corner Brook, NL; The Ottawa Hospital (Suh, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; University of Alberta Hospital (Taylor), Edmonton, Alta., Royal University Hospital (Wong), Saskatoon, Sask.; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (Thampi), Ottawa, Ont.

Linda PeludeNorth York General Hospital (Katz), Toronto, Ont.; National Microbiology Laboratory (Golding, Du, Mulvey), Winnipeg, Man.; Public Health Agency Canada (Choi, Pelude, Amaratunga, Alexandre, Gravel), Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Taljaard), Ottawa, Ont.; BC Children's Hospital, BC Women's Hospital (Collet), Vancouver, BC; Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre (Davis), Halifax, NS; Kingston General Hospital (Evans), Kingston, Ont.; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette), Montréal, Que.; University Health Network (Hota, Lemieux), Toronto, Ont.; Royal Jubilee Hospital (Kibsey), Victoria, BC; IWK Health Centre (Langley), Halifax, NS; Stollery Children's Hospital (Lee), Edmonton, Alta.; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin), Montréal, Que.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (Maze Dit Mieusement), Toronto, Ont.; Regina General Hospital (Minion), Regina, Sask.; Montreal Children's Hospital (Moore), Montréal, Que.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Richardson, Science), Toronto, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Simor), Toronto, Ont.; Western Memorial Regional Hospital (Stagg), Corner Brook, NL; The Ottawa Hospital (Suh, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; University of Alberta Hospital (Taylor), Edmonton, Alta., Royal University Hospital (Wong), Saskatoon, Sask.; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (Thampi), Ottawa, Ont.

Kanchana R AmaratungaNorth York General Hospital (Katz), Toronto, Ont.; National Microbiology Laboratory (Golding, Du, Mulvey), Winnipeg, Man.; Public Health Agency Canada (Choi, Pelude, Amaratunga, Alexandre, Gravel), Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Taljaard), Ottawa, Ont.; BC Children's Hospital, BC Women's Hospital (Collet), Vancouver, BC; Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre (Davis), Halifax, NS; Kingston General Hospital (Evans), Kingston, Ont.; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette), Montréal, Que.; University Health Network (Hota, Lemieux), Toronto, Ont.; Royal Jubilee Hospital (Kibsey), Victoria, BC; IWK Health Centre (Langley), Halifax, NS; Stollery Children's Hospital (Lee), Edmonton, Alta.; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin), Montréal, Que.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (Maze Dit Mieusement), Toronto, Ont.; Regina General Hospital (Minion), Regina, Sask.; Montreal Children's Hospital (Moore), Montréal, Que.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Richardson, Science), Toronto, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Simor), Toronto, Ont.; Western Memorial Regional Hospital (Stagg), Corner Brook, NL; The Ottawa Hospital (Suh, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; University of Alberta Hospital (Taylor), Edmonton, Alta., Royal University Hospital (Wong), Saskatoon, Sask.; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (Thampi), Ottawa, Ont.

Monica TaljaardNorth York General Hospital (Katz), Toronto, Ont.; National Microbiology Laboratory (Golding, Du, Mulvey), Winnipeg, Man.; Public Health Agency Canada (Choi, Pelude, Amaratunga, Alexandre, Gravel), Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Taljaard), Ottawa, Ont.; BC Children's Hospital, BC Women's Hospital (Collet), Vancouver, BC; Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre (Davis), Halifax, NS; Kingston General Hospital (Evans), Kingston, Ont.; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette), Montréal, Que.; University Health Network (Hota, Lemieux), Toronto, Ont.; Royal Jubilee Hospital (Kibsey), Victoria, BC; IWK Health Centre (Langley), Halifax, NS; Stollery Children's Hospital (Lee), Edmonton, Alta.; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin), Montréal, Que.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (Maze Dit Mieusement), Toronto, Ont.; Regina General Hospital (Minion), Regina, Sask.; Montreal Children's Hospital (Moore), Montréal, Que.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Richardson, Science), Toronto, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Simor), Toronto, Ont.; Western Memorial Regional Hospital (Stagg), Corner Brook, NL; The Ottawa Hospital (Suh, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; University of Alberta Hospital (Taylor), Edmonton, Alta., Royal University Hospital (Wong), Saskatoon, Sask.; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (Thampi), Ottawa, Ont.

Stephanie AlexandreNorth York General Hospital (Katz), Toronto, Ont.; National Microbiology Laboratory (Golding, Du, Mulvey), Winnipeg, Man.; Public Health Agency Canada (Choi, Pelude, Amaratunga, Alexandre, Gravel), Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Taljaard), Ottawa, Ont.; BC Children's Hospital, BC Women's Hospital (Collet), Vancouver, BC; Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre (Davis), Halifax, NS; Kingston General Hospital (Evans), Kingston, Ont.; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette), Montréal, Que.; University Health Network (Hota, Lemieux), Toronto, Ont.; Royal Jubilee Hospital (Kibsey), Victoria, BC; IWK Health Centre (Langley), Halifax, NS; Stollery Children's Hospital (Lee), Edmonton, Alta.; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin), Montréal, Que.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (Maze Dit Mieusement), Toronto, Ont.; Regina General Hospital (Minion), Regina, Sask.; Montreal Children's Hospital (Moore), Montréal, Que.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Richardson, Science), Toronto, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Simor), Toronto, Ont.; Western Memorial Regional Hospital (Stagg), Corner Brook, NL; The Ottawa Hospital (Suh, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; University of Alberta Hospital (Taylor), Edmonton, Alta., Royal University Hospital (Wong), Saskatoon, Sask.; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (Thampi), Ottawa, Ont.

Jun Chen ColletNorth York General Hospital (Katz), Toronto, Ont.; National Microbiology Laboratory (Golding, Du, Mulvey), Winnipeg, Man.; Public Health Agency Canada (Choi, Pelude, Amaratunga, Alexandre, Gravel), Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Taljaard), Ottawa, Ont.; BC Children's Hospital, BC Women's Hospital (Collet), Vancouver, BC; Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre (Davis), Halifax, NS; Kingston General Hospital (Evans), Kingston, Ont.; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette), Montréal, Que.; University Health Network (Hota, Lemieux), Toronto, Ont.; Royal Jubilee Hospital (Kibsey), Victoria, BC; IWK Health Centre (Langley), Halifax, NS; Stollery Children's Hospital (Lee), Edmonton, Alta.; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin), Montréal, Que.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (Maze Dit Mieusement), Toronto, Ont.; Regina General Hospital (Minion), Regina, Sask.; Montreal Children's Hospital (Moore), Montréal, Que.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Richardson, Science), Toronto, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Simor), Toronto, Ont.; Western Memorial Regional Hospital (Stagg), Corner Brook, NL; The Ottawa Hospital (Suh, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; University of Alberta Hospital (Taylor), Edmonton, Alta., Royal University Hospital (Wong), Saskatoon, Sask.; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (Thampi), Ottawa, Ont.

Ian DavisNorth York General Hospital (Katz), Toronto, Ont.; National Microbiology Laboratory (Golding, Du, Mulvey), Winnipeg, Man.; Public Health Agency Canada (Choi, Pelude, Amaratunga, Alexandre, Gravel), Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Taljaard), Ottawa, Ont.; BC Children's Hospital, BC Women's Hospital (Collet), Vancouver, BC; Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre (Davis), Halifax, NS; Kingston General Hospital (Evans), Kingston, Ont.; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette), Montréal, Que.; University Health Network (Hota, Lemieux), Toronto, Ont.; Royal Jubilee Hospital (Kibsey), Victoria, BC; IWK Health Centre (Langley), Halifax, NS; Stollery Children's Hospital (Lee), Edmonton, Alta.; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin), Montréal, Que.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (Maze Dit Mieusement), Toronto, Ont.; Regina General Hospital (Minion), Regina, Sask.; Montreal Children's Hospital (Moore), Montréal, Que.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Richardson, Science), Toronto, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Simor), Toronto, Ont.; Western Memorial Regional Hospital (Stagg), Corner Brook, NL; The Ottawa Hospital (Suh, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; University of Alberta Hospital (Taylor), Edmonton, Alta., Royal University Hospital (Wong), Saskatoon, Sask.; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (Thampi), Ottawa, Ont.

Tim DuNorth York General Hospital (Katz), Toronto, Ont.; National Microbiology Laboratory (Golding, Du, Mulvey), Winnipeg, Man.; Public Health Agency Canada (Choi, Pelude, Amaratunga, Alexandre, Gravel), Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Taljaard), Ottawa, Ont.; BC Children's Hospital, BC Women's Hospital (Collet), Vancouver, BC; Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre (Davis), Halifax, NS; Kingston General Hospital (Evans), Kingston, Ont.; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette), Montréal, Que.; University Health Network (Hota, Lemieux), Toronto, Ont.; Royal Jubilee Hospital (Kibsey), Victoria, BC; IWK Health Centre (Langley), Halifax, NS; Stollery Children's Hospital (Lee), Edmonton, Alta.; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin), Montréal, Que.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (Maze Dit Mieusement), Toronto, Ont.; Regina General Hospital (Minion), Regina, Sask.; Montreal Children's Hospital (Moore), Montréal, Que.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Richardson, Science), Toronto, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Simor), Toronto, Ont.; Western Memorial Regional Hospital (Stagg), Corner Brook, NL; The Ottawa Hospital (Suh, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; University of Alberta Hospital (Taylor), Edmonton, Alta., Royal University Hospital (Wong), Saskatoon, Sask.; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (Thampi), Ottawa, Ont.

Gerald A EvansNorth York General Hospital (Katz), Toronto, Ont.; National Microbiology Laboratory (Golding, Du, Mulvey), Winnipeg, Man.; Public Health Agency Canada (Choi, Pelude, Amaratunga, Alexandre, Gravel), Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Taljaard), Ottawa, Ont.; BC Children's Hospital, BC Women's Hospital (Collet), Vancouver, BC; Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre (Davis), Halifax, NS; Kingston General Hospital (Evans), Kingston, Ont.; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette), Montréal, Que.; University Health Network (Hota, Lemieux), Toronto, Ont.; Royal Jubilee Hospital (Kibsey), Victoria, BC; IWK Health Centre (Langley), Halifax, NS; Stollery Children's Hospital (Lee), Edmonton, Alta.; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin), Montréal, Que.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (Maze Dit Mieusement), Toronto, Ont.; Regina General Hospital (Minion), Regina, Sask.; Montreal Children's Hospital (Moore), Montréal, Que.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Richardson, Science), Toronto, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Simor), Toronto, Ont.; Western Memorial Regional Hospital (Stagg), Corner Brook, NL; The Ottawa Hospital (Suh, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; University of Alberta Hospital (Taylor), Edmonton, Alta., Royal University Hospital (Wong), Saskatoon, Sask.; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (Thampi), Ottawa, Ont.

Charles FrenetteNorth York General Hospital (Katz), Toronto, Ont.; National Microbiology Laboratory (Golding, Du, Mulvey), Winnipeg, Man.; Public Health Agency Canada (Choi, Pelude, Amaratunga, Alexandre, Gravel), Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Taljaard), Ottawa, Ont.; BC Children's Hospital, BC Women's Hospital (Collet), Vancouver, BC; Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre (Davis), Halifax, NS; Kingston General Hospital (Evans), Kingston, Ont.; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette), Montréal, Que.; University Health Network (Hota, Lemieux), Toronto, Ont.; Royal Jubilee Hospital (Kibsey), Victoria, BC; IWK Health Centre (Langley), Halifax, NS; Stollery Children's Hospital (Lee), Edmonton, Alta.; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin), Montréal, Que.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (Maze Dit Mieusement), Toronto, Ont.; Regina General Hospital (Minion), Regina, Sask.; Montreal Children's Hospital (Moore), Montréal, Que.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Richardson, Science), Toronto, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Simor), Toronto, Ont.; Western Memorial Regional Hospital (Stagg), Corner Brook, NL; The Ottawa Hospital (Suh, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; University of Alberta Hospital (Taylor), Edmonton, Alta., Royal University Hospital (Wong), Saskatoon, Sask.; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (Thampi), Ottawa, Ont.

Denise GravelNorth York General Hospital (Katz), Toronto, Ont.; National Microbiology Laboratory (Golding, Du, Mulvey), Winnipeg, Man.; Public Health Agency Canada (Choi, Pelude, Amaratunga, Alexandre, Gravel), Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Taljaard), Ottawa, Ont.; BC Children's Hospital, BC Women's Hospital (Collet), Vancouver, BC; Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre (Davis), Halifax, NS; Kingston General Hospital (Evans), Kingston, Ont.; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette), Montréal, Que.; University Health Network (Hota, Lemieux), Toronto, Ont.; Royal Jubilee Hospital (Kibsey), Victoria, BC; IWK Health Centre (Langley), Halifax, NS; Stollery Children's Hospital (Lee), Edmonton, Alta.; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin), Montréal, Que.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (Maze Dit Mieusement), Toronto, Ont.; Regina General Hospital (Minion), Regina, Sask.; Montreal Children's Hospital (Moore), Montréal, Que.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Richardson, Science), Toronto, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Simor), Toronto, Ont.; Western Memorial Regional Hospital (Stagg), Corner Brook, NL; The Ottawa Hospital (Suh, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; University of Alberta Hospital (Taylor), Edmonton, Alta., Royal University Hospital (Wong), Saskatoon, Sask.; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (Thampi), Ottawa, Ont.

Susy HotaNorth York General Hospital (Katz), Toronto, Ont.; National Microbiology Laboratory (Golding, Du, Mulvey), Winnipeg, Man.; Public Health Agency Canada (Choi, Pelude, Amaratunga, Alexandre, Gravel), Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Taljaard), Ottawa, Ont.; BC Children's Hospital, BC Women's Hospital (Collet), Vancouver, BC; Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre (Davis), Halifax, NS; Kingston General Hospital (Evans), Kingston, Ont.; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette), Montréal, Que.; University Health Network (Hota, Lemieux), Toronto, Ont.; Royal Jubilee Hospital (Kibsey), Victoria, BC; IWK Health Centre (Langley), Halifax, NS; Stollery Children's Hospital (Lee), Edmonton, Alta.; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin), Montréal, Que.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (Maze Dit Mieusement), Toronto, Ont.; Regina General Hospital (Minion), Regina, Sask.; Montreal Children's Hospital (Moore), Montréal, Que.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Richardson, Science), Toronto, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Simor), Toronto, Ont.; Western Memorial Regional Hospital (Stagg), Corner Brook, NL; The Ottawa Hospital (Suh, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; University of Alberta Hospital (Taylor), Edmonton, Alta., Royal University Hospital (Wong), Saskatoon, Sask.; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (Thampi), Ottawa, Ont.

Pamela KibseyNorth York General Hospital (Katz), Toronto, Ont.; National Microbiology Laboratory (Golding, Du, Mulvey), Winnipeg, Man.; Public Health Agency Canada (Choi, Pelude, Amaratunga, Alexandre, Gravel), Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Taljaard), Ottawa, Ont.; BC Children's Hospital, BC Women's Hospital (Collet), Vancouver, BC; Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre (Davis), Halifax, NS; Kingston General Hospital (Evans), Kingston, Ont.; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette), Montréal, Que.; University Health Network (Hota, Lemieux), Toronto, Ont.; Royal Jubilee Hospital (Kibsey), Victoria, BC; IWK Health Centre (Langley), Halifax, NS; Stollery Children's Hospital (Lee), Edmonton, Alta.; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin), Montréal, Que.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (Maze Dit Mieusement), Toronto, Ont.; Regina General Hospital (Minion), Regina, Sask.; Montreal Children's Hospital (Moore), Montréal, Que.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Richardson, Science), Toronto, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Simor), Toronto, Ont.; Western Memorial Regional Hospital (Stagg), Corner Brook, NL; The Ottawa Hospital (Suh, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; University of Alberta Hospital (Taylor), Edmonton, Alta., Royal University Hospital (Wong), Saskatoon, Sask.; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (Thampi), Ottawa, Ont.

Joanne M LangleyNorth York General Hospital (Katz), Toronto, Ont.; National Microbiology Laboratory (Golding, Du, Mulvey), Winnipeg, Man.; Public Health Agency Canada (Choi, Pelude, Amaratunga, Alexandre, Gravel), Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Taljaard), Ottawa, Ont.; BC Children's Hospital, BC Women's Hospital (Collet), Vancouver, BC; Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre (Davis), Halifax, NS; Kingston General Hospital (Evans), Kingston, Ont.; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette), Montréal, Que.; University Health Network (Hota, Lemieux), Toronto, Ont.; Royal Jubilee Hospital (Kibsey), Victoria, BC; IWK Health Centre (Langley), Halifax, NS; Stollery Children's Hospital (Lee), Edmonton, Alta.; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin), Montréal, Que.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (Maze Dit Mieusement), Toronto, Ont.; Regina General Hospital (Minion), Regina, Sask.; Montreal Children's Hospital (Moore), Montréal, Que.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Richardson, Science), Toronto, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Simor), Toronto, Ont.; Western Memorial Regional Hospital (Stagg), Corner Brook, NL; The Ottawa Hospital (Suh, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; University of Alberta Hospital (Taylor), Edmonton, Alta., Royal University Hospital (Wong), Saskatoon, Sask.; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (Thampi), Ottawa, Ont.

Bonita E LeeNorth York General Hospital (Katz), Toronto, Ont.; National Microbiology Laboratory (Golding, Du, Mulvey), Winnipeg, Man.; Public Health Agency Canada (Choi, Pelude, Amaratunga, Alexandre, Gravel), Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Taljaard), Ottawa, Ont.; BC Children's Hospital, BC Women's Hospital (Collet), Vancouver, BC; Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre (Davis), Halifax, NS; Kingston General Hospital (Evans), Kingston, Ont.; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette), Montréal, Que.; University Health Network (Hota, Lemieux), Toronto, Ont.; Royal Jubilee Hospital (Kibsey), Victoria, BC; IWK Health Centre (Langley), Halifax, NS; Stollery Children's Hospital (Lee), Edmonton, Alta.; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin), Montréal, Que.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (Maze Dit Mieusement), Toronto, Ont.; Regina General Hospital (Minion), Regina, Sask.; Montreal Children's Hospital (Moore), Montréal, Que.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Richardson, Science), Toronto, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Simor), Toronto, Ont.; Western Memorial Regional Hospital (Stagg), Corner Brook, NL; The Ottawa Hospital (Suh, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; University of Alberta Hospital (Taylor), Edmonton, Alta., Royal University Hospital (Wong), Saskatoon, Sask.; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (Thampi), Ottawa, Ont.

Camille LemieuxNorth York General Hospital (Katz), Toronto, Ont.; National Microbiology Laboratory (Golding, Du, Mulvey), Winnipeg, Man.; Public Health Agency Canada (Choi, Pelude, Amaratunga, Alexandre, Gravel), Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Taljaard), Ottawa, Ont.; BC Children's Hospital, BC Women's Hospital (Collet), Vancouver, BC; Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre (Davis), Halifax, NS; Kingston General Hospital (Evans), Kingston, Ont.; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette), Montréal, Que.; University Health Network (Hota, Lemieux), Toronto, Ont.; Royal Jubilee Hospital (Kibsey), Victoria, BC; IWK Health Centre (Langley), Halifax, NS; Stollery Children's Hospital (Lee), Edmonton, Alta.; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin), Montréal, Que.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (Maze Dit Mieusement), Toronto, Ont.; Regina General Hospital (Minion), Regina, Sask.; Montreal Children's Hospital (Moore), Montréal, Que.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Richardson, Science), Toronto, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Simor), Toronto, Ont.; Western Memorial Regional Hospital (Stagg), Corner Brook, NL; The Ottawa Hospital (Suh, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; University of Alberta Hospital (Taylor), Edmonton, Alta., Royal University Hospital (Wong), Saskatoon, Sask.; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (Thampi), Ottawa, Ont.

Yves LongtinNorth York General Hospital (Katz), Toronto, Ont.; National Microbiology Laboratory (Golding, Du, Mulvey), Winnipeg, Man.; Public Health Agency Canada (Choi, Pelude, Amaratunga, Alexandre, Gravel), Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Taljaard), Ottawa, Ont.; BC Children's Hospital, BC Women's Hospital (Collet), Vancouver, BC; Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre (Davis), Halifax, NS; Kingston General Hospital (Evans), Kingston, Ont.; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette), Montréal, Que.; University Health Network (Hota, Lemieux), Toronto, Ont.; Royal Jubilee Hospital (Kibsey), Victoria, BC; IWK Health Centre (Langley), Halifax, NS; Stollery Children's Hospital (Lee), Edmonton, Alta.; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin), Montréal, Que.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (Maze Dit Mieusement), Toronto, Ont.; Regina General Hospital (Minion), Regina, Sask.; Montreal Children's Hospital (Moore), Montréal, Que.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Richardson, Science), Toronto, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Simor), Toronto, Ont.; Western Memorial Regional Hospital (Stagg), Corner Brook, NL; The Ottawa Hospital (Suh, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; University of Alberta Hospital (Taylor), Edmonton, Alta., Royal University Hospital (Wong), Saskatoon, Sask.; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (Thampi), Ottawa, Ont.

Dominik MertzNorth York General Hospital (Katz), Toronto, Ont.; National Microbiology Laboratory (Golding, Du, Mulvey), Winnipeg, Man.; Public Health Agency Canada (Choi, Pelude, Amaratunga, Alexandre, Gravel), Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Taljaard), Ottawa, Ont.; BC Children's Hospital, BC Women's Hospital (Collet), Vancouver, BC; Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre (Davis), Halifax, NS; Kingston General Hospital (Evans), Kingston, Ont.; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette), Montréal, Que.; University Health Network (Hota, Lemieux), Toronto, Ont.; Royal Jubilee Hospital (Kibsey), Victoria, BC; IWK Health Centre (Langley), Halifax, NS; Stollery Children's Hospital (Lee), Edmonton, Alta.; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin), Montréal, Que.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (Maze Dit Mieusement), Toronto, Ont.; Regina General Hospital (Minion), Regina, Sask.; Montreal Children's Hospital (Moore), Montréal, Que.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Richardson, Science), Toronto, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Simor), Toronto, Ont.; Western Memorial Regional Hospital (Stagg), Corner Brook, NL; The Ottawa Hospital (Suh, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; University of Alberta Hospital (Taylor), Edmonton, Alta., Royal University Hospital (Wong), Saskatoon, Sask.; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (Thampi), Ottawa, Ont.

Lorraine Maze Dit MieusementNorth York General Hospital (Katz), Toronto, Ont.; National Microbiology Laboratory (Golding, Du, Mulvey), Winnipeg, Man.; Public Health Agency Canada (Choi, Pelude, Amaratunga, Alexandre, Gravel), Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Taljaard), Ottawa, Ont.; BC Children's Hospital, BC Women's Hospital (Collet), Vancouver, BC; Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre (Davis), Halifax, NS; Kingston General Hospital (Evans), Kingston, Ont.; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette), Montréal, Que.; University Health Network (Hota, Lemieux), Toronto, Ont.; Royal Jubilee Hospital (Kibsey), Victoria, BC; IWK Health Centre (Langley), Halifax, NS; Stollery Children's Hospital (Lee), Edmonton, Alta.; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin), Montréal, Que.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (Maze Dit Mieusement), Toronto, Ont.; Regina General Hospital (Minion), Regina, Sask.; Montreal Children's Hospital (Moore), Montréal, Que.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Richardson, Science), Toronto, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Simor), Toronto, Ont.; Western Memorial Regional Hospital (Stagg), Corner Brook, NL; The Ottawa Hospital (Suh, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; University of Alberta Hospital (Taylor), Edmonton, Alta., Royal University Hospital (Wong), Saskatoon, Sask.; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (Thampi), Ottawa, Ont.

Jessica MinionNorth York General Hospital (Katz), Toronto, Ont.; National Microbiology Laboratory (Golding, Du, Mulvey), Winnipeg, Man.; Public Health Agency Canada (Choi, Pelude, Amaratunga, Alexandre, Gravel), Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Taljaard), Ottawa, Ont.; BC Children's Hospital, BC Women's Hospital (Collet), Vancouver, BC; Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre (Davis), Halifax, NS; Kingston General Hospital (Evans), Kingston, Ont.; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette), Montréal, Que.; University Health Network (Hota, Lemieux), Toronto, Ont.; Royal Jubilee Hospital (Kibsey), Victoria, BC; IWK Health Centre (Langley), Halifax, NS; Stollery Children's Hospital (Lee), Edmonton, Alta.; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin), Montréal, Que.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (Maze Dit Mieusement), Toronto, Ont.; Regina General Hospital (Minion), Regina, Sask.; Montreal Children's Hospital (Moore), Montréal, Que.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Richardson, Science), Toronto, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Simor), Toronto, Ont.; Western Memorial Regional Hospital (Stagg), Corner Brook, NL; The Ottawa Hospital (Suh, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; University of Alberta Hospital (Taylor), Edmonton, Alta., Royal University Hospital (Wong), Saskatoon, Sask.; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (Thampi), Ottawa, Ont.

Dorothy L MooreNorth York General Hospital (Katz), Toronto, Ont.; National Microbiology Laboratory (Golding, Du, Mulvey), Winnipeg, Man.; Public Health Agency Canada (Choi, Pelude, Amaratunga, Alexandre, Gravel), Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Taljaard), Ottawa, Ont.; BC Children's Hospital, BC Women's Hospital (Collet), Vancouver, BC; Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre (Davis), Halifax, NS; Kingston General Hospital (Evans), Kingston, Ont.; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette), Montréal, Que.; University Health Network (Hota, Lemieux), Toronto, Ont.; Royal Jubilee Hospital (Kibsey), Victoria, BC; IWK Health Centre (Langley), Halifax, NS; Stollery Children's Hospital (Lee), Edmonton, Alta.; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin), Montréal, Que.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (Maze Dit Mieusement), Toronto, Ont.; Regina General Hospital (Minion), Regina, Sask.; Montreal Children's Hospital (Moore), Montréal, Que.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Richardson, Science), Toronto, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Simor), Toronto, Ont.; Western Memorial Regional Hospital (Stagg), Corner Brook, NL; The Ottawa Hospital (Suh, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; University of Alberta Hospital (Taylor), Edmonton, Alta., Royal University Hospital (Wong), Saskatoon, Sask.; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (Thampi), Ottawa, Ont.

Michael R MulveyNorth York General Hospital (Katz), Toronto, Ont.; National Microbiology Laboratory (Golding, Du, Mulvey), Winnipeg, Man.; Public Health Agency Canada (Choi, Pelude, Amaratunga, Alexandre, Gravel), Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Taljaard), Ottawa, Ont.; BC Children's Hospital, BC Women's Hospital (Collet), Vancouver, BC; Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre (Davis), Halifax, NS; Kingston General Hospital (Evans), Kingston, Ont.; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette), Montréal, Que.; University Health Network (Hota, Lemieux), Toronto, Ont.; Royal Jubilee Hospital (Kibsey), Victoria, BC; IWK Health Centre (Langley), Halifax, NS; Stollery Children's Hospital (Lee), Edmonton, Alta.; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin), Montréal, Que.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (Maze Dit Mieusement), Toronto, Ont.; Regina General Hospital (Minion), Regina, Sask.; Montreal Children's Hospital (Moore), Montréal, Que.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Richardson, Science), Toronto, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Simor), Toronto, Ont.; Western Memorial Regional Hospital (Stagg), Corner Brook, NL; The Ottawa Hospital (Suh, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; University of Alberta Hospital (Taylor), Edmonton, Alta., Royal University Hospital (Wong), Saskatoon, Sask.; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (Thampi), Ottawa, Ont.

Susan RichardsonNorth York General Hospital (Katz), Toronto, Ont.; National Microbiology Laboratory (Golding, Du, Mulvey), Winnipeg, Man.; Public Health Agency Canada (Choi, Pelude, Amaratunga, Alexandre, Gravel), Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Taljaard), Ottawa, Ont.; BC Children's Hospital, BC Women's Hospital (Collet), Vancouver, BC; Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre (Davis), Halifax, NS; Kingston General Hospital (Evans), Kingston, Ont.; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette), Montréal, Que.; University Health Network (Hota, Lemieux), Toronto, Ont.; Royal Jubilee Hospital (Kibsey), Victoria, BC; IWK Health Centre (Langley), Halifax, NS; Stollery Children's Hospital (Lee), Edmonton, Alta.; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin), Montréal, Que.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (Maze Dit Mieusement), Toronto, Ont.; Regina General Hospital (Minion), Regina, Sask.; Montreal Children's Hospital (Moore), Montréal, Que.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Richardson, Science), Toronto, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Simor), Toronto, Ont.; Western Memorial Regional Hospital (Stagg), Corner Brook, NL; The Ottawa Hospital (Suh, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; University of Alberta Hospital (Taylor), Edmonton, Alta., Royal University Hospital (Wong), Saskatoon, Sask.; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (Thampi), Ottawa, Ont.

Michelle ScienceNorth York General Hospital (Katz), Toronto, Ont.; National Microbiology Laboratory (Golding, Du, Mulvey), Winnipeg, Man.; Public Health Agency Canada (Choi, Pelude, Amaratunga, Alexandre, Gravel), Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Taljaard), Ottawa, Ont.; BC Children's Hospital, BC Women's Hospital (Collet), Vancouver, BC; Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre (Davis), Halifax, NS; Kingston General Hospital (Evans), Kingston, Ont.; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette), Montréal, Que.; University Health Network (Hota, Lemieux), Toronto, Ont.; Royal Jubilee Hospital (Kibsey), Victoria, BC; IWK Health Centre (Langley), Halifax, NS; Stollery Children's Hospital (Lee), Edmonton, Alta.; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin), Montréal, Que.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (Maze Dit Mieusement), Toronto, Ont.; Regina General Hospital (Minion), Regina, Sask.; Montreal Children's Hospital (Moore), Montréal, Que.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Richardson, Science), Toronto, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Simor), Toronto, Ont.; Western Memorial Regional Hospital (Stagg), Corner Brook, NL; The Ottawa Hospital (Suh, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; University of Alberta Hospital (Taylor), Edmonton, Alta., Royal University Hospital (Wong), Saskatoon, Sask.; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (Thampi), Ottawa, Ont.

Andrew E SimorNorth York General Hospital (Katz), Toronto, Ont.; National Microbiology Laboratory (Golding, Du, Mulvey), Winnipeg, Man.; Public Health Agency Canada (Choi, Pelude, Amaratunga, Alexandre, Gravel), Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Taljaard), Ottawa, Ont.; BC Children's Hospital, BC Women's Hospital (Collet), Vancouver, BC; Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre (Davis), Halifax, NS; Kingston General Hospital (Evans), Kingston, Ont.; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette), Montréal, Que.; University Health Network (Hota, Lemieux), Toronto, Ont.; Royal Jubilee Hospital (Kibsey), Victoria, BC; IWK Health Centre (Langley), Halifax, NS; Stollery Children's Hospital (Lee), Edmonton, Alta.; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin), Montréal, Que.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (Maze Dit Mieusement), Toronto, Ont.; Regina General Hospital (Minion), Regina, Sask.; Montreal Children's Hospital (Moore), Montréal, Que.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Richardson, Science), Toronto, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Simor), Toronto, Ont.; Western Memorial Regional Hospital (Stagg), Corner Brook, NL; The Ottawa Hospital (Suh, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; University of Alberta Hospital (Taylor), Edmonton, Alta., Royal University Hospital (Wong), Saskatoon, Sask.; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (Thampi), Ottawa, Ont.

Paula StaggNorth York General Hospital (Katz), Toronto, Ont.; National Microbiology Laboratory (Golding, Du, Mulvey), Winnipeg, Man.; Public Health Agency Canada (Choi, Pelude, Amaratunga, Alexandre, Gravel), Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Taljaard), Ottawa, Ont.; BC Children's Hospital, BC Women's Hospital (Collet), Vancouver, BC; Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre (Davis), Halifax, NS; Kingston General Hospital (Evans), Kingston, Ont.; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette), Montréal, Que.; University Health Network (Hota, Lemieux), Toronto, Ont.; Royal Jubilee Hospital (Kibsey), Victoria, BC; IWK Health Centre (Langley), Halifax, NS; Stollery Children's Hospital (Lee), Edmonton, Alta.; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin), Montréal, Que.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (Maze Dit Mieusement), Toronto, Ont.; Regina General Hospital (Minion), Regina, Sask.; Montreal Children's Hospital (Moore), Montréal, Que.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Richardson, Science), Toronto, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Simor), Toronto, Ont.; Western Memorial Regional Hospital (Stagg), Corner Brook, NL; The Ottawa Hospital (Suh, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; University of Alberta Hospital (Taylor), Edmonton, Alta., Royal University Hospital (Wong), Saskatoon, Sask.; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (Thampi), Ottawa, Ont.

Kathryn N SuhNorth York General Hospital (Katz), Toronto, Ont.; National Microbiology Laboratory (Golding, Du, Mulvey), Winnipeg, Man.; Public Health Agency Canada (Choi, Pelude, Amaratunga, Alexandre, Gravel), Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Taljaard), Ottawa, Ont.; BC Children's Hospital, BC Women's Hospital (Collet), Vancouver, BC; Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre (Davis), Halifax, NS; Kingston General Hospital (Evans), Kingston, Ont.; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette), Montréal, Que.; University Health Network (Hota, Lemieux), Toronto, Ont.; Royal Jubilee Hospital (Kibsey), Victoria, BC; IWK Health Centre (Langley), Halifax, NS; Stollery Children's Hospital (Lee), Edmonton, Alta.; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin), Montréal, Que.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (Maze Dit Mieusement), Toronto, Ont.; Regina General Hospital (Minion), Regina, Sask.; Montreal Children's Hospital (Moore), Montréal, Que.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Richardson, Science), Toronto, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Simor), Toronto, Ont.; Western Memorial Regional Hospital (Stagg), Corner Brook, NL; The Ottawa Hospital (Suh, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; University of Alberta Hospital (Taylor), Edmonton, Alta., Royal University Hospital (Wong), Saskatoon, Sask.; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (Thampi), Ottawa, Ont.

Geoffrey TaylorNorth York General Hospital (Katz), Toronto, Ont.; National Microbiology Laboratory (Golding, Du, Mulvey), Winnipeg, Man.; Public Health Agency Canada (Choi, Pelude, Amaratunga, Alexandre, Gravel), Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Taljaard), Ottawa, Ont.; BC Children's Hospital, BC Women's Hospital (Collet), Vancouver, BC; Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre (Davis), Halifax, NS; Kingston General Hospital (Evans), Kingston, Ont.; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette), Montréal, Que.; University Health Network (Hota, Lemieux), Toronto, Ont.; Royal Jubilee Hospital (Kibsey), Victoria, BC; IWK Health Centre (Langley), Halifax, NS; Stollery Children's Hospital (Lee), Edmonton, Alta.; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin), Montréal, Que.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (Maze Dit Mieusement), Toronto, Ont.; Regina General Hospital (Minion), Regina, Sask.; Montreal Children's Hospital (Moore), Montréal, Que.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Richardson, Science), Toronto, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Simor), Toronto, Ont.; Western Memorial Regional Hospital (Stagg), Corner Brook, NL; The Ottawa Hospital (Suh, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; University of Alberta Hospital (Taylor), Edmonton, Alta., Royal University Hospital (Wong), Saskatoon, Sask.; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (Thampi), Ottawa, Ont.

Alice WongNorth York General Hospital (Katz), Toronto, Ont.; National Microbiology Laboratory (Golding, Du, Mulvey), Winnipeg, Man.; Public Health Agency Canada (Choi, Pelude, Amaratunga, Alexandre, Gravel), Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Taljaard), Ottawa, Ont.; BC Children's Hospital, BC Women's Hospital (Collet), Vancouver, BC; Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre (Davis), Halifax, NS; Kingston General Hospital (Evans), Kingston, Ont.; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette), Montréal, Que.; University Health Network (Hota, Lemieux), Toronto, Ont.; Royal Jubilee Hospital (Kibsey), Victoria, BC; IWK Health Centre (Langley), Halifax, NS; Stollery Children's Hospital (Lee), Edmonton, Alta.; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin), Montréal, Que.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (Maze Dit Mieusement), Toronto, Ont.; Regina General Hospital (Minion), Regina, Sask.; Montreal Children's Hospital (Moore), Montréal, Que.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Richardson, Science), Toronto, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Simor), Toronto, Ont.; Western Memorial Regional Hospital (Stagg), Corner Brook, NL; The Ottawa Hospital (Suh, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; University of Alberta Hospital (Taylor), Edmonton, Alta., Royal University Hospital (Wong), Saskatoon, Sask.; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (Thampi), Ottawa, Ont.

Nisha ThampiNorth York General Hospital (Katz), Toronto, Ont.; National Microbiology Laboratory (Golding, Du, Mulvey), Winnipeg, Man.; Public Health Agency Canada (Choi, Pelude, Amaratunga, Alexandre, Gravel), Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Taljaard), Ottawa, Ont.; BC Children's Hospital, BC Women's Hospital (Collet), Vancouver, BC; Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre (Davis), Halifax, NS; Kingston General Hospital (Evans), Kingston, Ont.; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette), Montréal, Que.; University Health Network (Hota, Lemieux), Toronto, Ont.; Royal Jubilee Hospital (Kibsey), Victoria, BC; IWK Health Centre (Langley), Halifax, NS; Stollery Children's Hospital (Lee), Edmonton, Alta.; Jewish General Hospital (Longtin), Montréal, Que.; Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (Maze Dit Mieusement), Toronto, Ont.; Regina General Hospital (Minion), Regina, Sask.; Montreal Children's Hospital (Moore), Montréal, Que.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Richardson, Science), Toronto, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Simor), Toronto, Ont.; Western Memorial Regional Hospital (Stagg), Corner Brook, NL; The Ottawa Hospital (Suh, Amaratunga), Ottawa, Ont.; University of Alberta Hospital (Taylor), Edmonton, Alta., Royal University Hospital (Wong), Saskatoon, Sask.; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (Thampi), Ottawa, Ont.

Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program

Kingston General Hospital · CA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe clinical and molecular epidemiology of health care-associated

methodsAdult inpatients with

resultsOver a 7-year period, 20 623 adult patients admitted to hospital with health care-associated

interpretationRates of health care-associated

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAgedAnti-Bacterial AgentsCanadaClostridioides difficileClostridium InfectionsCross InfectionDrug Resistance, MicrobialElectrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-FieldFemaleHumansMaleMetronidazoleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesAnti-Bacterial AgentsMetronidazoleVancomycin

Identifiers

PMID29941432

DOI10.1503/cmaj.180013

PMCPMC6019340

OpenAlexW2808799414

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.