Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29940902›Full record

Trial reportBMC public health2018

Thirsty? Choose Water! Behavioural interventions and water stations in secondary schools a two-by-two factorial randomised controlled trial.

Nicole Kajons, Michael David, Justine Gowland-Ella, Peter Lewis, Samantha Batchelor

Open access · goldAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in BMC public health, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
5.0field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Public health nutrition · 2023
    Trial
  6. Trial
  7. Characterisation of At-Scale Community Health Interventions Aimed to Improve Healthy Eating Behaviour in Australia: A Rapid Review.Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals · 2025
    Review
  8. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Nicole KajonsHealth Promotion Service, Central Coast Local Health District, Level 1, 4-6 Watt Street, Gosford, NSW, 2250, Australia.
Michael DavidSchool of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
Justine Gowland-EllaHealth Promotion Service, Central Coast Local Health District, Level 1, 4-6 Watt Street, Gosford, NSW, 2250, Australia.
Peter LewisPublic Health Unit, Central Coast Local Health District, Level 1, 4-6 Watt Street, Gosford, NSW, 2250, Australia.
Samantha BatchelorHealth Promotion Service, Central Coast Local Health District, Level 1, 4-6 Watt Street, Gosford, NSW, 2250, Australia. Samantha.Batchelor@health.nsw.gov.au.ORCID 0000-0002-0926-8113
Central Coast Local Health District · AUUniversity of Newcastle Australia · AU

Funding

NSW Ministry of Health 152
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundChildhood overweight and obesity is a significant public health issue. A key contributing factor is sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) consumption. Evidence suggests that secondary school students are frequent consumers of SSBs, with high daily consumption. The promotion of water consumption and provision of chilled water stations can reduce SSBs consumption. The Thirsty Choose Water! study will evaluate the effectiveness of two interventions, a behavioural intervention, Thirsty? Choose Water! behavioural intervention (TCW-BI), that target students through the domains of the health promoting high schools framework, and the second intervention is the installation and promotion of chilled water stations. METHODS/

designThis community trial will recruit 60 secondary schools from across three Local Health Districts (LHDs) within New South Wales (NSW). A two-by-two factorial study design will be used to determine the effect of the Thirsty? Choose Water! behavioural intervention (TCW-BI), and the installation of chilled water stations. The recruited secondary schools will be randomised and non-blinded to one of four study arms receiving either the TCW-BI or chilled water stations, both interventions, or neither (control group). Baseline measures will be collected including student self-report surveys which will gather data regarding knowledge, attitudes and consumption of water and SSBs, a school profile and an environmental scan. Student surveys will be repeated post the intervention and at follow-up. Regular water meter readings will determine the water flow from the chilled water stations across the study period. DISCUSSION: There is an increasing body of evidence which suggests that decreasing consumption of SSBs can impact positively on childhood overweight and obesity. However, in the Australian context there are limited studies on how this may occur in the secondary school setting. This study will add to this evidence base and establish the effectiveness of TCW-BI and chilled water stations, either alone or combination on increasing water consumption in adolescents. Information about barriers and facilitators to implementation will be documented. Packages to support the implementation of the TCW-BI as a state-wide initiative will be developed.

trial registrationAustralian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Register ACTRN12618000526279 April 2018.

Indexed as

Choice BehaviorDrinkingSchool Health ServicesAdolescentBeveragesFemaleHumansMaleNew South WalesPediatric ObesitySchoolsSelf ReportStudentsSurveys and QuestionnairesSweetening AgentsSweetening AgentsChilled water stationsHealth promoting schoolsObesityProtocol studySchool interventionSugar sweetened beveragesWater consumption

Identifiers

PMID29940902
PMCPMC6019217
OpenAlexW2810223091

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.