ArticleClinical and translational science2018
The Current Status of Drug Discovery and Development as Originated in United States Academia: The Influence of Industrial and Academic Collaboration on Drug Discovery and Development.
Article in Clinical and translational science, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 109 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
109 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 224 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Translating Pharmacology from Animal Models to Organoids: Advancing Predictive Human Biology in Drug Discovery.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Review
- Linking interpersonal differences in gut microbiota composition and drug biotransformation activity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- An Approach to Drug Discovery via Ethnopharmacology and Sustainable Agriculture.Current drug discovery technologies · 2026Review
- Need for NAMs: A systematic evidence synthesis revealing over half a century of drug development failure.NAM journal · 2026Article
- Alternatives to animal models in gastroenterology and hepatology research.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- A high-throughput screening approach to discover potential colorectal cancer chemotherapeutics: repurposing drugs to identify novel disruptors of 14-3-3 proteins.Cell death & disease · 2025Article
- Update and ADMET Profile of the Latin American Natural Product Database: LANaPDB.Molecular informatics · 2025Article
- Dynamic clinical trial success rates for drugs in the 21st century.Nature communications · 2025Article
- An innovative ischemic diabetic flap model for chronic wound research.BMC surgery · 2025Article
- The potential of academic drug discovery: successes and challenges.Expert opinion on drug discovery · 2025Article
- Application of directed message-passing neural network to predict human oral bioavailability of pharmaceuticals.Journal of computer-aided molecular design · 2025Article
- Total-body positron emission tomography imaging to accelerate radiotracer discovery pipelines.Pharmacological reviews · 2025Review
- A new impact framework for investors in life sciences bridges financial returns and patient outcomes.Nature biotechnology · 2025Article
- Race and ethnicity in fibrotic interstitial lung diseases: what do these categories contribute in the clinical setting?ERJ open research · 2025Article
- Protocol Development for Investigator-Sponsored Clinical Studies.Clinical and translational science · 2025Article
- The Missing Enzymes: A Call to Update Pharmacological Profiling Practices for Better Drug Safety Assessment.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
49 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Academic drug discovery is a vital component to current drug discovery and development environments. In this study, we investigated 798 drug discovery projects that took place between 1991 and 2015 at 36 academic institutions in the United States. The observed success rates of academic drug discovery and development were 75% at phase I, 50% at phase II, 59% at phase III, and 88% at the new drug application/biologics license application (NDA/BLA) phase. These results were similar to the corresponding success rates of the pharmaceutical industry. Collaboration between academic institutions and the pharmaceutical industry seemed more important at later stages than earlier ones; all projects that succeeded at phase III or the NDA/BLA stage involved academic-industrial collaboration. Many academic research projects involved neoplasms and infectious diseases, and were focused on small molecules and biologics. The success rates and possible effects of academic-industrial collaboration seemed to vary depending on disease domains and drug modalities.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.