Trial reportJournal of consulting and clinical psychology2018
Measuring fear change within exposures: Functionally-defined habituation predicts outcome in three randomized controlled trials for pediatric OCD.
Trial report in Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Optimising Exposure for Children and Adolescents with Anxiety, OCD and PTSD: A Systematic Review.Clinical child and family psychology review · 2021Pooled it
- A Meta-analysis to Guide the Enhancement of CBT for Childhood Anxiety: Exposure Over Anxiety Management.Clinical child and family psychology review · 2020Pooled it
- Cognitive Restructuring Before Versus After Exposure: Effect on Expectancy and Outcome in Individuals With Claustrophobia.Behavior modification · 2022Trial
- Improving Delivery Behaviors During Exposure for Pediatric OCD: A Multiple Baseline Training Trial With Community Therapists.Behavior therapy · 2021Trial
- Is Morning Exposure Therapy More Successful? Pilot Data on Exposure Process Indicators and Diurnal Cortisol in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder or Agoraphobia.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Speech-Derived Digital Markers of Treatment Response and Improvement Trajectories in Pediatric Anxiety.Research square · 2026Article
- Examining Within-Session and Between-Session Change in Exposure-Meal-Related Distress During Intensive Outpatient Treatment for Eating Disorders.The International journal of eating disorders · 2026Article
- Connectivity between the central executive and salience networks normalizes with exposure-focused CBT in pediatric anxiety.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Automated classification of exposure and encourage events in speech data from pediatric OCD treatment.JAMIA open · 2025Article
- A Team-Based Partner-Driven Model for Delivering Outpatient Exposure Treatment for Pediatric Anxiety and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.JAACAP open · 2025Article
- Using latent patient-centered fear extinction profiles to guide treatment in pediatric OCD.Psychiatry research · 2025Article
- Subtypes of Severe OCD and Treatment Outcome: A Latent Profile Analysis of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Severity Scale.Cognitive therapy and research · 2025Article
- Immersive Virtual Reality Exposures for the Treatment of Childhood Anxiety.Child psychiatry and human development · 2025Article
- Mechanisms of Change in Exposure Therapy for Anxiety and Related Disorders: A Research Agenda.Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2025Article
- Pilot Study of Self-Distancing Augmentation to Exposure Therapy for Youth Anxiety.Child psychiatry and human development · 2025Article
- Article
- Within-session habituation and salivary cortisol during exposure treatment in obsessive-compulsive disorder - A link and an influence of DHEA?Indian journal of psychiatry · 2024Article
- Evaluating the Relationship Between Therapist Negative Beliefs About Exposure Therapy and Delivery Behavior.Cognitive and behavioral practice · 2024Article
- A Test of the Behavioral Model of Tic Disorders Using a Dynamical Systems Framework.Behavior therapy · 2024Article
- Predicting Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Events in Children and Adolescents in the Wild using a Wearable Biosensor (Wrist Angel): Protocol for the Analysis Plan of a Nonrandomized Pilot Study.JMIR research protocols · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThis study measured a variety of within-exposure fear changes and tested the relationship of each with treatment outcomes in exposure therapy.
methodWe coded 459 videotaped exposure tasks from 111 participants in 3 clinical trials for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD; POTS trials). Within exposures, fear level was observed continuously and alongside exposure process. Fear change metrics of interest were selected for relevance to mechanistic theory. Fear decreases were classified by function; nonhabituation decreases were associated with observed nonlearning processes (e.g., avoidance), whereas habituation decreases appeared to result from an internal and indirect process. Outcomes were posttreatment change in symptom severity, global improvement, and treatment response.
resultsGreater cumulative habituation across treatment was associated with larger reductions in symptom severity, greater global improvement, and increased odds of treatment response. Fear activation, fear variability, and nonhabituation fear decreases did not predict any outcomes. Exploratory analyses examined fear changes during habituation and nonhabituation exposures; higher peak fear during nonhabituation exposures was associated with attenuated global improvement.
conclusionsHabituation is conceptually consistent with multiple mechanistic theories and should continue to be investigated as a practical marker of initial extinction learning and possible moderator of the relationship between fear activation and outcome. Results support the importance of functional and frequent fear measurement during exposures, and discussion considers implications of these findings for future studies aiming to understand learning during exposure and improve exposure delivery. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.