Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29938382›Full record

ArticleEnvironmental science and pollution research international2018

Mitigation of NOx and smoke emissions in a diesel engine using novel emulsified lemon peel oil biofuel.

Ashok Bragadeshwaran, Nanthagopal Kasianantham, Saravanan Balusamy, SenthilKumar Muniappan, Dandu Madhu Sudan Reddy, Randive Vishal Subhash, Nashte Adarsh Pravin, Rayapati Subbarao

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Article in Environmental science and pollution research international, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
5.6field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 74 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Ashok BragadeshwaranSchool of Mechanical Engineering, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, India.
Nanthagopal KasiananthamSchool of Mechanical Engineering, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, India. nanthagopalk@yahoo.com.
Saravanan BalusamyIndian Institute of Technology (IIT), Hyderabad, India.
SenthilKumar MuniappanSchool of Mechanical Engineering, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, India.
Dandu Madhu Sudan ReddySchool of Mechanical Engineering, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, India.
Randive Vishal SubhashSchool of Mechanical Engineering, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, India.
Nashte Adarsh PravinSchool of Mechanical Engineering, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, India.
Rayapati SubbaraoDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, NITTTR, Kolkata, India.
Vellore Institute of Technology University · INIndian Institute of Technology Hyderabad · INNational Institute of Technical Teachers’ Training and Research · IN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Lemon peel oil (LPO) is considered to be a viable alternative fuel for diesel engine applications due to its wider availability, renewable nature, easy extraction process, almost equivalent calorific value as neat diesel, and low viscosity. The present work aims to investigate the effect of novel emulsified LPO in a diesel engine in order to reduce the NOx emission without compromising the engine performance. A new ionic surfactant is introduced in the present study, namely methyl-dihydroxy propyl imidazolium chloride due to its higher hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value which helps to prepare stable water in oil emulsion. Also, Span 80 has been selected as another suitable surfactant for water in oil emulsion. Four emulsified fuel samples have been prepared using LPO, water, and different concentrations of surfactants. All the fuel samples are tested for their stability through gravitational technique for 7 days. Among the emulsified samples, 92% LPO + 5% water + 2% Span 80 + 1% methyl-dihydroxy propyl imidazolium chloride by volume (LPOE2) and 93.5% LPO + 5% water + 1.5% surfactant Span 80 by volume (LPOE4) have showed better stability when compared to other emulsion fuel samples. It is also revealed that the stability of LPO emulsion is improved by the addition of two emulsions. The experimental results showed that the brake thermal efficiency of LPO emulsion is reduced to 29.87 from 34.58% of pure LPO at full load condition. Oxides of nitrogen emission and smoke emission are reduced by 21-32 and 6-15% for the LPO emulsion samples compared to pure LPO. Moreover, the diesel engine operation with emulsified form of LPO increases the HC emission about 0.1 g/kWh for LPOE4 and 0.15 g/kWh for LPOE2 fuels from 0.053 g/kW for pure LPO at maximum power output condition. The reformulation of LPO into emulsified form increases the CO emission by 25-53% compared to pure LPO. Moreover, the reformulation of LPO into emulsions has resulted in lower cylinder pressure and heat release rate compared to pure LPO and diesel fuels.

Indexed as

Plant OilsBiofuelsEmulsionsGasolineHot TemperatureSmokeSurface-Active AgentsVehicle EmissionsBiofuelsEmulsionsGasolinelemon oilPlant OilsSmokeSurface-Active AgentsVehicle EmissionsDiesel engineEmissionsLemon peel oilNovel surfactantOxides of nitrogenWater-biofuel emulsions

Identifiers

PMID29938382
OpenAlexW2809911410

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.