Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29937536›Full record

Trial reportNutrients2018

Allicin Bioavailability and Bioequivalence from Garlic Supplements and Garlic Foods.

Larry D Lawson, Scott M Hunsaker

Open access · goldAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Nutrients, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 85 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
85citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
33.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

85 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 200 citations in OpenAlex.

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  18. Diallyl disulfide in oncotherapy: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potentials.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2025
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25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Larry D LawsonMérieux NutriSciences Corporate Office (Silliker, Inc.), 111 E. Wacker Dr. Ste. 2300, Chicago, IL 60601, USA. llawson2323@yahoo.com.ORCID 0000-0002-1262-8351
Scott M HunsakerMérieux NutriSciences Corporate Office (Silliker, Inc.), 111 E. Wacker Dr. Ste. 2300, Chicago, IL 60601, USA. scott.huns@gmail.com.
Wacker (United States) · USYahoo (United Kingdom) · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Allicin is considered responsible for most of the pharmacological activity of crushed raw garlic cloves. However, when garlic supplements and garlic foods are consumed, allicin bioavailability or bioequivalence (ABB) has been unknown and in question because allicin formation from alliin and garlic alliinase usually occurs after consumption, under enzyme-inhibiting gastrointestinal conditions. The ABB from 13 garlic supplements and 9 garlic foods was determined by bioassay for 13 subjects by comparing the area under the 32-h concentration curve of breath allyl methyl sulfide (AMS), the main breath metabolite of allicin, to the area found after consuming a control (100% ABB) of known allicin content: homogenized raw garlic. For enteric tablets, ABB varied from 36⁻104%, but it was reduced to 22⁻57% when consumed with a high-protein meal, due to slower gastric emptying. Independent of meal type, non-enteric tablets gave high ABB (80⁻111%), while garlic powder capsules gave 26⁻109%. Kwai garlic powder tablets, which have been used in a large number of clinical trials, gave 80% ABB, validating it as representing raw garlic in those trials. ABB did not vary with alliinase activity, indicating that only a minimum level of activity is required. Enteric tablets (high-protein meal) disintegrated slower in women than men. The ABB of supplements was compared to that predicted in vitro by the dissolution test in the United States Pharmacopeia (USP); only partial agreement was found. Cooked or acidified garlic foods, which have no alliinase activity, gave higher ABB than expected: boiled (16%), roasted (30%), pickled (19%), and acid-minced (66%). Black garlic gave 5%. The mechanism for the higher than expected ABB for alliinase-inhibited garlic was explored; the results for an alliin-free/allicin-free extract indicate a partial role for the enhanced metabolism of γ-glutamyl

Indexed as

Dietary SupplementsAdultAllyl CompoundsBiological AvailabilityBreath TestsCapsulesCysteineDietDietary ProteinsDisulfidesFemaleGarlicHumansMaleMiddle AgedReproducibility of ResultsallicinalliinAllyl Compoundsallyl methyl sulfideCapsulesCysteineDietary ProteinsDisulfidesSulfidesSulfinic Acidsaged garlic extractallicin bioavailabilityallicin metabolismalliinallyl methyl sulfideblack garliccooked garlicgarlic supplementspickled garlicS-allylcysteine

Identifiers

PMID29937536
PMCPMC6073756
OpenAlexW2809480821

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.