ReviewDiabetes2018
Collateral Damage: Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Induced With Checkpoint Inhibitors.
Review in Diabetes, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 361 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
361 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 567 citations in OpenAlex.
- [Diagnostics and treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (Update 2026)].Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2026Guideline
- Islet function impairment outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Treatment of facial lipodystrophy induced by a biologic agent (IPD-1): a literature review.Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2024Pooled it
- The risk of endocrine immune-related adverse events induced by PD-1 inhibitors in cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Successful treatment of nivolumab and ipilimumab triggered type 1 diabetes by using sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitor: a case report and systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Endocrine-related adverse conditions in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibition: an ESE clinical practice guideline.European journal of endocrinology · 2022Guideline
- American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update.Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists · 2022Guideline
- Real world incidence, predictors and outcomes of endocrine immune-related adverse events following immune checkpoint inhibitors.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- The Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Journey: From Early Promise to Lasting Impact.Journal of immunotherapy and precision oncology · 2026Review
- Simultaneous immune checkpoint blockade-associated diabetes mellitus and thyrotoxicosis.JCEM case reports · 2026Article
- Laboratory Medicine in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Autoimmune Disorders: Baseline Assessment, Diagnostic Algorithms, Monitoring, and Predictive Biomarkers.Annals of laboratory medicine · 2026Review
- Immune checkpoints and immunoregulation in metabolic diseases and cancers: pathological mechanisms and therapeutic potential.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Clinical and Biochemical Recovery From Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Diabetes With Seroconversion of GAD Antibodies.Diabetes care · 2026Article
- Hyperglycemia during ICI Therapy: etiology, risk factors, and survival outcome.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Diabetes Presenting As Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Case Report.Cureus · 2026Article
- Bone health in patients with cancer: a SEOM-SEIOMM consensus review of risk factors, assessment strategies, and management approaches.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
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- Beta cell-targeted PD-1 agonist inhibits cell-mediated autoimmunity in pancreas tissue slices.Science advances · 2026Article
- Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes Induced by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in a Patient with Autoimmune Predisposition.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Article
301 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Insulin-dependent diabetes may occur in patients with cancers who are treated with checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs). We reviewed cases occurring over a 6-year period at two academic institutions and identified 27 patients in whom this developed, or an incidence of 0.9%. The patients had a variety of solid-organ cancers, but all had received either anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 antibodies. Diabetes presented with ketoacidosis in 59%, and 42% had evidence of pancreatitis in the peridiagnosis period. Forty percent had at least one positive autoantibody and 21% had two or more. There was a predominance of HLA-DR4, which was present in 76% of patients. Other immune adverse events were seen in 70%, and endocrine adverse events in 44%. We conclude that autoimmune, insulin-dependent diabetes occurs in close to 1% of patients treated with anti-PD-1 or -PD-L1 CPIs. This syndrome has similarities and differences compared with classic type 1 diabetes. The dominance of HLA-DR4 suggests an opportunity to identify those at highest risk of these complications and to discover insights into the mechanisms of this adverse event.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.