ArticleCellular immunology2018
Cigarette smoke extract acts directly on CD4 T cells to enhance Th1 polarization and reduce memory potential.
Article in Cellular immunology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Modifiable lifestyle and metabolic risk factors for colorectal polyps: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Ashes to Rashes: An Exploration of the Intersection Between Smoking and Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- A map of blood regulatory variation in South Africans enables GWAS interpretation.Nature genetics · 2025Article
- T cells dominate peripheral inflammation in a cross-sectional analysis of obesity-associated diabetes.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2022Article
- Predictors of Incident Serrated Polyps: Results from a Large Multicenter Clinical Trial.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2022Article
- Effects of repeated infections with non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae on lung in vitamin D deficient and smoking mice.Respiratory research · 2022Article
- Immune cell-specific smoking-related expression characteristics are revealed by re-analysis of transcriptomes from the CEDAR cohort.Central-European journal of immunology · 2022Article
- Factors influencing the immunogenicity of influenza vaccines.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Review
- Prostasin regulates PD-L1 expression in human lung cancer cells.Bioscience reports · 2021Article
- MicroRNA124-IL6R Mediates the Effect of Nicotine in Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Shifting Th1/Th2 Balance Toward Th1.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Modeling cellular metabolomic effects of oxidative stress impacts from hydrogen peroxide and cigarette smoke on human lung epithelial cells.Journal of breath research · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Although cigarette smoke is known to alter immune responses, whether and how CD4 T cells are affected is not well-described. We aimed to characterize how exposure to cigarette smoke extract impacts CD4 T cell effector generation in vitro under Th1-polarizing conditions. Our results demonstrate that cigarette smoke directly acts on CD4 T cells to impair effector expansion by decreasing division and increasing apoptosis. Furthermore, cigarette smoke enhances Th1-associated cytokine production and increases expression of the transcription factor T-bet, the master regulator of Th1 differentiation. Finally, we show that exposure to cigarette smoke extract during priming impairs the ability of effectors to form memory cells. Our findings thus demonstrate that cigarette smoke simultaneously enhances effector functions but promotes terminal differentiation of CD4 T cell effectors. This study may be relevant to understanding how smoking can both aggravate autoimmune symptoms and reduce vaccine efficacy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.