ReviewEuropean journal of pharmacology2018
Targeting vascular inflammation in ischemic stroke: Recent developments on novel immunomodulatory approaches.
Review in European journal of pharmacology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 125 citations in OpenAlex.
- Glatiramer Acetate Immunomodulation: Evidence of Neuroprotection and Cognitive Preservation.Cells · 2022Pooled it
- Association of MicroRNAs With Risk of Stroke: A Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Clinical Significance of Baseline Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Patients With Ischemic Stroke or Hemorrhagic Stroke: An Updated Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2019Pooled it
- From Cerebrovascular Injury to Brain Cancer: The Role of Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Global, Regional, and National Burden of Stroke Attributable to High Systolic Blood Pressure in Adults Aged 45 Years and Above From 1990 to 2021, with Projections to 2045: A Systematic and Comprehensive Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Archives of Iranian medicine · 2026Article
- Rats exposed to a low resource environment in early life display sex differences in blood pressure, autonomic activity, and brain and kidney pro-inflammatory markers during adulthood.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Role of Interleukin-6 in Atherothrombosis and Myocardial Infarction.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2026Review
- The nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway of neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in ischemic stroke.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Association of Endothelial Activation and Stress Index with Prognosis in Posterior Circulation Infarcts Treated with Recanalization Therapy.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Identification and experimental validation of biomarkers associated with macrophages in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Modular assembled biomimetic nanobubbles for synergistic therapy of ischemic strokeBioactive materials · 2025Article
- Exploration of shared diagnostic genes and mechanisms between crohn's disease and ischemic stroke by integrated comprehensive bioinformatics analysis and machine learning.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 2025Article
- Genetic Architecture of Ischemic Stroke: Insights from Genome-Wide Association Studies and Beyond.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2025Review
- Endothelial activation and stress index is a reliable predictor for the prevalence and mortality outcomes of stroke.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Association between stroke and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI): a National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) Study 2015-2020.BMJ neurology open · 2025Article
- Uncovering a new mechanism of ischemic stroke: a study of the association between γδ T cells and immunoinflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Development of a model for predicting gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with ischemic stroke after dual antiplatelet therapy.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Revolutionizing Neuroimmunology: Unraveling Immune Dynamics and Therapeutic Innovations in CNS Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Leukotriene signaling in neurodegeneration: implications for treatment strategies.Inflammopharmacology · 2024Review
- The Role of Gut Microbiota in Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption after Stroke.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Review
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a devastating and debilitating medical condition with limited therapeutic options. However, accumulating evidence indicates a central role of inflammation in all aspects of stroke including its initiation, the progression of injury, and recovery or wound healing. A central target of inflammation is disruption of the blood brain barrier or neurovascular unit. Here we discuss recent developments in identifying potential molecular targets and immunomodulatory approaches to preserve or protect barrier function and limit infarct damage and functional impairment. These include blocking harmful inflammatory signaling in endothelial cells, microglia/macrophages, or Th17/γδ T cells with biologics, third generation epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) analogs with extended half-life, and miRNA antagomirs. Complementary beneficial pathways may be enhanced by miRNA mimetics or hyperbaric oxygenation. These immunomodulatory approaches could be used to greatly expand the therapeutic window for thrombolytic treatment with tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). Moreover, nanoparticle technology allows for the selective targeting of endothelial cells for delivery of DNA/RNA oligonucleotides and neuroprotective drugs. In addition, although likely detrimental to the progression of ischemic stroke by inducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal cell death, 20-HETE may also reduce susceptibility of onset of ischemic stroke by maintaining autoregulation of cerebral blood flow. Although the interaction between inflammation and stroke is multifaceted, a better understanding of the mechanisms behind the pro-inflammatory state at all stages will hopefully help in developing novel immunomodulatory approaches to improve mortality and functional outcome of those inflicted with ischemic stroke.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.