ArticleInternational ophthalmology2019
Effect of four local anesthetics (tetracaine, proparacaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine) on intraocular pressure in dogs.
Article in International ophthalmology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of the Effects of Spinal Versus General Anesthesia on the Perioperative Intraocular Pressure:Saudi medical journal · 2026Trial
- Clinical Impact of Measurement Timing on Intraocular Pressure in Dogs.Veterinary ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Effects of intramuscular alfaxalone and dexmedetomidine alone and combined on ocular, electroretinographic, and cardiorespiratory parameters in normal cats.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Protocol for laser-induced chronic ocular hypertension and intracameral injection in nonhuman primates.STAR protocols · 2022Article
- Effect of topical 0.5% tetracaine hydrochloride on intraocular pressure in ophthalmologically normal cats.Journal of feline medicine and surgery · 2022Article
- Ophthalmology of clinically normal alpacas (The Veterinary record · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo measure IOP in animals, it is often necessary to use topical anesthetics. The use of these drugs may cause changes in IOP and interfere with the final results. To address this issue, the effects of four local anesthetics (tetracaine, proparacaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine) on IOP were investigated in ten adult dogs.
methodsOne drop of tetracaine was instilled in the right eye of half of the dogs and in the left eye of the other dogs; normal saline was instilled in the fellow eyes. The IOP in each dog was measured before and at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 min after drug instillation using an electronic rebound tonometer. The effects of the other anesthetics were studied in the same way at intervals of at least 1 week.
resultsAfter instillation of tetracaine, the IOP decreased gradually, such that after 15 min, the IOP was significantly lower than the baseline (p = 0.022) and control values (p = 0.048). Proparacaine also reduced IOP after 10 min compared to baseline values (p = 0.046), but the two other drugs, bupivacaine and lidocaine, had no significant effect on IOP. The duration of eye anesthesia was 16, 20, 22, and 34 min for tetracaine, lidocaine, bupivacaine, and proparacaine, respectively.
conclusionWe recommend using drugs that combine inducing longer anesthesia with producing the smallest change in IOP, such as bupivacaine and, subsequently, lidocaine. Tetracaine and proparacaine have a significant effect on IOP, and if these drugs are used, this effect should be considered.
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