ReviewCurrent topics in microbiology and immunology2021
Progress on Reconstructed Human Skin Models for Allergy Research and Identifying Contact Sensitizers.
Review in Current topics in microbiology and immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- An integrated design strategy for structurally stable full-thickness human skin models with regulatory-qualified barrier assessment.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Recent advances in immunocompetent human skin-on-chip models: Construction strategies and biomedical applications.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Current and emerging new approach & methodologies for skin hazard assessment.Toxicological research · 2026Review
- Requirements for Alternative In Vitro and In Silico Skin Models of Irritant and Allergic Contact Dermatitis.Contact dermatitis · 2025Review
- Differential biomarker expression of blood and lymphatic vasculature in multi-organ-chips.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Skin Sensitization Potential of Sensitizers in the Presence of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles In Vitro.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Environmentally Controlled Microfluidic System Enabling Immune Cell Flow and Activation in an Endothelialised Skin-On-Chip.Advanced healthcare materials · 2024Article
- Review
- From simplicity to complexity in current melanoma models.Experimental dermatology · 2022Review
- A Bioengineering Approach for the Development of Fibroblast Growth Factor-7-Functionalized Sericin Biomaterial Applicable for the Cultivation of Keratinocytes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- The anti-wrinkles properties of sodium acetylated hyaluronate.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2022Article
- Qualitative and quantitative analysis ofChinese herbal medicines · 2021Article
- Assessment of cytotoxicity and sensitization potential of intradermally injected tattoo inks in reconstructed human skin.Contact dermatitis · 2021Article
- Article
- New Perspectives in the Antimicrobial Activity of the Amphibian Temporin B: Peptide Analogs Are Effective Inhibitors ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- A Multi-Organ-on-Chip Approach to Investigate How Oral Exposure to Metals Can Cause Systemic Toxicity Leading to Langerhans Cell Activation in Skin.Frontiers in toxicology · 2021Review
- Effects of transgenic silk materials that incorporate FGF-7 protein microcrystals on the proliferation and differentiation of human keratinocytes.FASEB bioAdvances · 2020Article
- Titanium salts tested in reconstructed human skin with integrated MUTZ-3-derived Langerhans cells show an irritant rather than a sensitizing potential.Contact dermatitis · 2020Article
- [Use of 2D and 3D cell cultures in dermatology].Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, und verwandte Gebiete · 2020Review
- An epithelial organoid model with Langerhans cells for assessing virus-host interactions.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Contact with the skin is inevitable or desirable for daily life products such as cosmetics, hair dyes, perfumes, drugs, household products, and industrial and agricultural products. Whereas the majority of these products are harmless, a number can become metabolized and/or activate the immunological defense via innate and adaptive mechanisms resulting in sensitization and allergic contact dermatitis upon following exposures to the same substance. Therefore, strict safety (hazard) assessment of actives and ingredients in products and drugs applied to the skin is essential to determine I) whether the chemical is a potential sensitizer and if so II) what is the safe concentration for human exposure to prevent sensitization from occurring. Ex vivo skin is a valuable model for skin penetration studies but due to logistical and viability limitations the development of in vitro alternatives is required. The aim of this review is to give a clear overview of the organotypic in vitro skin models (reconstructed human epidermis, reconstructed human skin, immune competent skin models incorporating Langerhans Cells and T-cells, skin-on-chip) that are currently commercially available or which are being used in a laboratory research setting for hazard assessment of potential sensitizers and for investigating the mechanisms (sensitization key events 1-4) related to allergic contact dermatitis. The limitations of the models, their current applications, and their future potential in replacing animals in allergy-related science are discussed.
Indexed as
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29934708What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.