ArticleDiabetes2018
Learning From Past Failures of Oral Insulin Trials.
Article in Diabetes, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Re-engineering insulin for oral delivery: structural modifications, advanced formulation strategies, and future directions.Drug delivery · 2026Review
- The Role of Microbiota in Type 1 Diabetes: Insights into Dysbiosis and Immune Interactions.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Induction of Antigen-Specific Tolerance in Autoimmune Diabetes with Nanoparticles Containing Hybrid Insulin Peptides.Biomedicines · 2021Review
- A mutant α1antitrypsin in complex with heat shock proteins as the primary antigen in type 1 diabetes in silico investigation.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Variants in the BACH2 and CLEC16A gene might be associated with susceptibility to insulin-triggered type 1 diabetes.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2019Article
- Targeting Stem Cell-Derived Tissue-Associated Regulatory T Cells for Type 1 Diabetes Immunotherapy.Current diabetes reports · 2019Review
- Hybrid insulin peptides are neo-epitopes for CD4 T cells in autoimmune diabetes.Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity · 2019Review
- Microbiome and type 1 diabetes.EBioMedicine · 2019Review
- The Evolving Landscape of Autoantigen Discovery and Characterization in Type 1 Diabetes.Diabetes · 2019Article
- Rationally designed small molecules to prevent type 1 diabetes.Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity · 2019Review
- Immune Mechanisms and Pathways Targeted in Type 1 Diabetes.Current diabetes reports · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Very recently one of the largest type 1 diabetes prevention trials using daily administration of oral insulin or placebo was completed. After 9 years of study enrollment and follow-up, the randomized controlled trial failed to delay the onset of clinical type 1 diabetes, which was the primary end point. The unfortunate outcome follows the previous large-scale trial, the Diabetes Prevention Trial-Type 1 (DPT-1), which again failed to delay diabetes onset with oral insulin or low-dose subcutaneous insulin injections in a randomized controlled trial with relatives at risk for type 1 diabetes. These sobering results raise the important question, "Where does the type 1 diabetes prevention field move next?" In this Perspective, we advocate for a paradigm shift in which smaller mechanistic trials are conducted to define immune mechanisms and potentially identify treatment responders. The stage is set for these interventions in individuals at risk for type 1 diabetes as Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet has identified thousands of relatives with islet autoantibodies and general population screening for type 1 diabetes risk is under way. Mechanistic trials will allow for better trial design and patient selection based upon molecular markers prior to large randomized controlled trials, moving toward a personalized medicine approach for the prevention of type 1 diabetes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.