Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29932959›Full record

ArticleJournal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society2018

Synergy between chemical permeation enhancers and drug permeation across the tympanic membrane.

Rong Yang, Obiajulu S Okonkwo, David Zurakowski, Daniel S Kohane

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Drug Discovery Targeting Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors for Hearing Loss.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Review
  3. Dynamic Nanopeptide Assemblies for Trans-Tympanic Drug Delivery.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Rong YangDepartment of Anesthesiology, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Obiajulu S OkonkwoDepartment of Anesthesiology, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
David ZurakowskiDepartment of Anesthesiology, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Daniel S KohaneDepartment of Anesthesiology, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Electronic address: Daniel.Kohane@childrens.harvard.edu.

Funding

Trans-tympanic delivery of antibioticsR01DC015050 · NIDCD · BOSTON CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL · PI KOHANE, DANIEL S · 2016 to 2020
$2.8M
Trans-Tympanic Drug Delivery for Treatment and Prophylaxis of Otitis MediaR00DC016644 · NIDCD · CORNELL UNIVERSITY · PI YANG, RONG · 2019 to 2021
$734k
Trans-Tympanic Drug Delivery for Treatment and Prophylaxis of Otitis MediaK99DC016644 · NIDCD · BOSTON CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL · PI YANG, RONG · 2018 to 2018
$134k
NIDCD NIH HHS K99 DC016644NIDCD NIH HHS R00 DC016644NIDCD NIH HHS R01 DC015050
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chemical permeation enhancers (CPEs) can enable antibiotic flux across the tympanic membrane. Here we study whether combinations of CPEs (sodium dodecyl sulfate, limonene, and bupivacaine hydrochloride) are synergistic and whether they could increase the peak drug flux. Synergy is studied by isobolographic analysis and combination indices. CPE concentration-response (i.e. trans-tympanic flux of ciprofloxacin) curves are demonstrated for each CPE, isobolograms constructed for pairs of CPEs, and synergy demonstrated for all three pairs. Synergy is much greater at earlier (6 h) than later (48 h) time points, although the effect sizes are greater later. Synergy is also demonstrated with the three-drug combination. Combinations of CPEs also greatly enhance the maximum drug flux achievable over that achieved by individual CPEs.

Indexed as

AnimalsAnti-Bacterial AgentsBupivacaineChinchillaCiprofloxacinDrug Delivery SystemsDrug SynergismHumansHydrogelsKetamineLimoneneMalePentobarbitalPermeabilityPolymerizationSodium Dodecyl SulfateAnti-Bacterial AgentsBupivacaineCiprofloxacinHydrogelsKetamineLimonenePentobarbitalSodium Dodecyl SulfateXylazineChemical permeation enhancersOtitis mediaTrans-tympanic permeation

Identifiers

PMID29932959
PMCPMC6724208

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.