ArticleDiabetologia2018
Ethnic differences in progression of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes in relatives at risk.
Article in Diabetologia, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- High BMI and the risk for incident type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of aggregated cohort studies.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2023Pooled it
- Islet Autoantibody Patterns Vary by Race and Ethnicity and Area Deprivation Index for Individuals at Risk for Type 1 Diabetes.Diabetes care · 2026Article
- Impact of Body Size on Preclinical Type 1 Diabetes Development and Progression.Diabetes care · 2026Review
- Islet Autoantibody and Beta Cell Secretory Status at Diagnosis in Young Bangladeshi with Phenotypically Type 2 Diabetes.Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies · 2026Article
- Ethnic diversity in precision medicine: a reality or an aspiration?Diabetologia · 2025Review
- Review
- The Heterogeneity of Type 1 Diabetes: Implications for Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment-2024 Diabetes, Diabetes Care, and Diabetologia Expert Forum.Diabetes care · 2025Review
- The heterogeneity of type 1 diabetes: implications for pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment-2024 Diabetes, Diabetes Care, and Diabetologia Expert Forum.Diabetologia · 2025Review
- Prevalence of Islet Autoantibodies in Adults Without Diabetes.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2025Article
- Elevated Serum IgA at Onset of Type 1 Diabetes in Children.Pediatric diabetes · 2024Article
- Screening and Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes: Where Are We?The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Review
- Heterogeneity and endotypes in type 1 diabetes mellitus.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2023Review
- Physical Activity and the Development of Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes in 5- to 15-Year-Old Children Followed in the TEDDY Study.Diabetes care · 2023Article
- Consortium-based approach to receiving an EMA qualification opinion on the use of islet autoantibodies as enrichment biomarkers in type 1 diabetes clinical studies.Diabetologia · 2023Review
- Milder loss of insulin-containing islets in individuals with type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes-associated TCF7L2 genetic variants.Diabetologia · 2023Article
- Enrollment of underrepresented racial and ethnic groups in the Rare and Atypical Diabetes Network (RADIANT).Journal of clinical and translational science · 2023Article
- Pancreatic Pathological Changes in Murine Toxoplasmosis and Possible Association with Diabetes Mellitus.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- The relationship between GAD65 autoantibody and the risk of T1DM onset.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2022Review
- Type 1 diabetes in diverse ancestries and the use of genetic risk scores.The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology · 2022Review
- Novel autoantibodies to the β-cell surface epitopes of ZnT8 in patients progressing to type-1 diabetes.Journal of autoimmunity · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
aims/hypothesisWe hypothesised that progression of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes mellitus differs among races/ethnicities in at-risk individuals.
methodsIn this study, we analysed the data from the Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet Pathway to Prevention Study. We studied 4873 non-diabetic, autoantibody-positive relatives of individuals with type 1 diabetes followed prospectively (11% Hispanic, 80.9% non-Hispanic white [NHW], 2.9% non-Hispanic black [NHB] and 5.2% non-Hispanic other [NHO]). Primary outcomes were time from single autoantibody positivity confirmation to multiple autoantibody positivity, and time from multiple autoantibody positivity to type 1 diabetes mellitus diagnosis.
resultsConversion from single to multiple autoantibody positivity was less common in Hispanic individuals than in NHW individuals (HR 0.66 [95% CI 0.46, 0.96], p = 0.028) adjusting for autoantibody type, age, sex, Diabetes Prevention Trial Type 1 Risk Score and HLA-DR3-DQ2/DR4-DQ8 genotype. In participants who screened positive for multiple autoantibodies (n = 2834), time to type 1 diabetes did not differ by race/ethnicity overall (p = 0.91). In children who were <12 years old when multiple autoantibody positivity was determined, being overweight/obese had differential effects by ethnicity: type 1 diabetes risk was increased by 36% in NHW children (HR 1.36 [95% CI 1.04, 1.77], p = 0.024) and was nearly quadrupled in Hispanic children (HR 3.8 [95% CI 1.6, 9.1], p = 0.0026). We did not observe this interaction in participants who were ≥12 years old at determination of autoantibody positivity, although this group size was limited. No significant differential risks were observed between individuals of NHB and NHW ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS/
interpretationThe risk and rate of progression of islet autoimmunity were lower in Hispanic compared with NHW at-risk individuals, while significant differences in the development of type 1 diabetes were limited to children <12 years old and were modified by BMI.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.