ReviewNeuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology2019
Sex differences in the developing brain: insights from multimodal neuroimaging.
Review in Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 229 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
229 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Meta-analysis and systematic review of the relationship between sex and the risk or incidence of poststroke aphasia and its types.BMC geriatrics · 2024Pooled it
- The prevalence of developmental coordination disorder in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Pooled it
- Association of two variable number of tandem repeats in the monoamine oxidase A gene promoter with suicide completion: The present study and meta-analysis.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2023Pooled it
- Sensitive periods in development and risk for psychiatric disorders and related endpoints: a systematic review of child maltreatment findings.The lancet. Psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- The development of peak alpha frequency from infancy to adolescence and its role in visual temporal processing: A meta-analysis.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Brain-based sex differences in autism spectrum disorder across the lifespan: A systematic review of structural MRI, fMRI, and DTI findings.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2021Pooled it
- Methodological limitations of the BrainStructureAges pipeline from the volBrain platform: a brief report of the normative pediatric group.Pediatric radiology · 2026Article
- Effects of adverse childhood experiences on behavior in adolescence: Insights from brain imaging and genetic risk.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Article
- Cognitive ability in childhood predicts adolescent structural and functional brain development: A longitudinal study.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Article
- Sex-specific neurodevelopmental pathways to depressive symptoms.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Cortical Structures Underlying Schizophrenia and Sex Differences in Preadolescents: An Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study.Child psychiatry and human development · 2026Article
- Adversity and adolescent brain development: differential associations with grey and white matter across two longitudinal cohorts.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Sex-specific alterations of intrinsic brain activity and functional connectivity in adolescent obsessive-compulsive disorder.Medical & biological engineering & computing · 2026Article
- Brain aging patterns among nine neurological disorders: A case-control study.PLoS medicine · 2026Article
- Correlation Analysis of Clinical, Imaging, and Genetic Etiologies in Pediatric Hereditary Cerebellar Atrophy: A Single-Center Study.Molecular genetics & genomic medicine · 2026Article
- Regional sex differences in human cortical anatomy vary in their morphometric bases and overlap with sex chromosomal and gonadal influences.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Individual differences in brain systems supporting declarative and procedural memory during grammatical error processing in children.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2026Article
- MRI-based structural development of the human newborn hypothalamus.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Article
- Prefrontal and ventral striatal neural correlates of reversal learning in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- Relating ADHD to the aperiodic component of the EEG signal in both males and females across development.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Article
169 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Youth (including both childhood and adolescence) is a period when the brain undergoes dramatic remodeling and is also a time when neuropsychiatric conditions often emerge. Many of these illnesses have substantial sex differences in prevalence, suggesting that sex differences in brain development may underlie differential risk for psychiatric symptoms between males and females. Substantial evidence documents sex differences in brain structure and function in adults, and accumulating data suggests that these sex differences may be present or emerge during development. Here we review the evidence for sex differences in brain structure, white matter organization, and perfusion during development. We then use these normative differences as a framework to understand sex differences in brain development associated with psychopathology. In particular, we focus on sex differences in the brain as they relate to anxiety, depression, psychosis, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms. Finally, we highlight existing limitations, gaps in knowledge, and fertile avenues for future research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.