Observational studyAnnals of the rheumatic diseases2018
Prediction of autoimmune connective tissue disease in an at-risk cohort: prognostic value of a novel two-score system for interferon status.
Observational study in Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 110 citations in OpenAlex.
- The 2026 British Society for Rheumatology guideline for the management of children, young people and adults with systemic lupus erythematosus.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2026Guideline
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Hydroxychloroquine in Incomplete Lupus.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Trial
- Diagnostic Anchoring on Positive Autoimmune Serologies in Polysymptomatic Patients.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Article
- Decoding Lupus Diagnosis, Pathogenesis and Therapy: From Systemic Autoimmunity to Renal Damage.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Long-Term Anifrolumab Treatment Normalizes Hematologic Parameters and Several Serologic Markers in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.ACR open rheumatology · 2026Article
- Interferon-induced protein 44-like promoter Hypomethylation as an epigenetic hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Recent developments in the use of biomarkers as diagnostic tools in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a narrative review.EULAR rheumatology open · 2026Review
- Immune profiling of anti-SSA-positive at-risk individuals reveals increased type I IFN activity preceding lymphocyte abnormalities in Sjögren's disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Unravelling IPAF, VEDOSS and connective tissue diseases classifications through the mixed connective tissue disease spectrum.RMD open · 2025Observational
- Challenges in the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus.Clinical medicine (London, England) · 2025Review
- Low-density granulocytes and neutrophil extracellular trap formation are increased in incomplete systemic lupus erythematosus.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Development and evaluation of a Register-Based Organ Damage Index in systemic lupus erythematosus: a nationwide, population-based study from Sweden.Lupus science & medicine · 2025Article
- Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus: from preclinical lupus to atherosclerotic plaque erosion.Rheumatology advances in practice · 2025Review
- ANA-associated arthritis: clinical and biomarker characterization of a population for basket trials.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2024Observational
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for C1q Deficiency: A Study on Behalf of the EBMT Inborn Errors Working Party.Journal of clinical immunology · 2024Article
- Increased serum interferon activity in sarcoidosis compared to that in tuberculosis: Implication for diagnosis?Heliyon · 2024Article
- The Multiple Faces of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Pearls and Pitfalls for Diagnosis.Mediterranean journal of rheumatology · 2024Review
- Type I interferon pathway activation across the antiphospholipid syndrome spectrum: associations with disease subsets and systemic antiphospholipid syndrome presentation.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate clinical, interferon and imaging predictors of progression from 'At Risk' to autoimmune connective tissue diseases (AI-CTDs).
methodsA prospective observational study was conducted in At-Risk of AI-CTD (defined as antinuclear antibody (ANA) positive; ≤1 clinical systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) criterion; symptom duration <12 months and treatment-naïve). Bloods and skin biopsy (non-lesional) were analysed for two interferon-stimulated gene expression scores previously described (IFN-Score-A and IFN-Score-B). Forty-nine healthy controls (HCs) and 114 SLE were used as negative and positive controls. Musculoskeletal ultrasound was performed. Progression was defined by meeting classification criteria for AI-CTDs at 12 months.
results118 individuals with 12-month follow-up were included. Of these, 19/118 (16%) progressed to AI-CTD (SLE=14, primary Sjogren's=5). At baseline, both IFN scores differed among At-Risk, HCs and SLE groups (p<0.001) and both were elevated in At-Risk who progressed to AI-CTD at 12 months versus non-progressors, to a greater extent for IFN-Score-B (fold difference (95% CI) 3.22 (1.74 to 5.95), p<0.001) than IFN-Score-A (2.94 (1.14 to 7.54); p=0.018). Progressors did not have significantly greater baseline clinical characteristics or ultrasound findings. Fold difference between At-Risk and HCs for IFN-Score-A was markedly greater in skin than blood. In multivariable logistic regression, only family history of autoimmune rheumatic disease, OR 8.2 (95% CI 1.58 to 42.53) and IFN-Score-B, 3.79 (1.50-9.58) increased the odds of progression.
conclusionA two-factor interferon score and family history predict progression from ANA positivity to AI-CTD. These interferon scores may allow stratification of individuals At-Risk of AI-CTD permitting early intervention for disease prevention and avoid irreversible organ damage.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.