ArticleBMJ open2018
How do ED patients with criminal justice contact compare with other ED users? A retrospective analysis of ED visits in California.
Article in BMJ open, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Overall and substance use-specific healthcare utilization among individuals with and without criminal justice involvement in Ontario, Canada.International journal of prison health · 2025Article
- Association between lifetime criminal legal involvement and acute healthcare utilization in middle-aged and older US adults, 2015-2019.BMC public health · 2024Article
- The Influence of Social Determinants of Health on Emergency Departments Visits in a Medicaid Sample.Annals of emergency medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo assess the patterns of emergency department (ED) utilisation among those with and without criminal justice contact in California in 2014, comparing variation in ED use, visit frequency, diagnoses and insurance coverage.
designRetrospective, cross-sectional study.
settingAnalyses included ED visits to all licensed hospitals in California using statewide data on all ED encounters in 2014.
participantsStudy participants included 3 757 870 non-elderly adult ED patients who made at least one ED visit in 2014. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: We assessed the patterns and characteristics of ED visits among those with criminal justice contact-patients who were either admitted to or discharged from the ED by a correctional institution-with patients who did not have criminal justice contact recorded during an ED visit.
resultsED patients with criminal justice contact had higher proportions of frequent ED users (27.2% vs 9.4%), were at higher risk of an ED visit resulting in hospitalisation (26.6% vs 15.2%) and had higher prevalence of mental health conditions (52.8% vs 30.4%) compared with patients with no criminal justice contact recorded during an ED visit. Of the top 10, four primary diagnoses among patients with criminal justice contact were related to behavioural health conditions, accounting for 19.0% of all primary diagnoses in this population. In contrast, behavioural health conditions were absent from the top 10 primary diagnoses in ED patients with no observed criminal justice contact. Despite a high burden of disease, a lack of health insurance coverage was more common among those with criminal justice contact than those without (41.3% vs 14.1%).
conclusionsGiven that a large proportion of ED patients with criminal justice contact are frequent users with considerable mental health conditions, current efforts in California's Medicaid programme to identify individuals in need of coordinated services could reduce costly ED utilisation among this group.
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