ArticleOncology letters2018
Increased tumor vascularization is associated with the amount of immune competent PD-1 positive cells in testicular germ cell tumors.
Article in Oncology letters, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICI) in Urological Cancers: A New Modern Era, but Not Generally Applied.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Unraveling drug resistance mechanisms in testicular cancer through immune cell phenotypes: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis revealing novel therapeutic targets.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Cold and hot tumors: from molecular mechanisms to targeted therapy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- The expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) involves in the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognostic implications of testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT): a systematic review and meta-analysis.Translational cancer research · 2024Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Male Fertility: Should Fertility Preservation Options Be Considered before Treatment?Cancers · 2024Review
- The Immune Landscape and Immunotherapeutic Strategies in Platinum-Refractory Testicular Germ Cell Tumors.Cancers · 2024Review
- Research Progress of PD 1/PD L1 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Urological Tumors.Current cancer drug targets · 2024Review
- Seminoma subtypes differ in the organization and functional state of the immune microenvironment.3 Biotech · 2023Article
- Targeting the tumor stroma for cancer therapy.Molecular cancer · 2022Review
- Testicular Germ Cell Tumours and Proprotein Convertases.Cancers · 2022Review
- Angioprevention of Urologic Cancers by Plant-Derived Foods.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Article
- Article
- Immunotherapy in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors.Frontiers in oncology · 2020Review
- Endothelial cells in colorectal cancer.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2019Review
- The Tumor Vascular Endothelium as Decision Maker in Cancer Therapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2018Review
- Pembrolizumab and olaparib in a cisplatin-refractory testicular cancer patient with a high TMB: first case report.Therapeutic advances in urologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Testicular germ cell cancer in a metastatic state is curable with a cisplatin-based first line chemotherapy. However, 10-15% of these patients are resistant to first line chemotherapy and are thus left with only palliative options. Immunotherapies and inhibition of angiogenesis used in multiple types of cancer; however, the molecular context of angiogenesis and immune checkpoints in the development and progression of testicular cancers is still unknown. Therefore, the present study performed tissue micro array based analysis of 84 patients with immunohistochemistry of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) of testicular cancer and corresponding normal appearing testis tissue, matching the results with clinical data. The results demonstrated that PD-L1 was significantly upregulated in testicular tumors and that PD-1 positive cells significantly infiltrated the testicular tumor when compared with normal testicular tissue. VEGFR2 was significantly upregulated in testicular cancer. It was indicated that PD-1 expressing cytotoxic cells may require pathologic tumor vessels to pass the blood-testis-barrier in order to migrate into the tumor. Notably, when matching the clinical data for PD-1, PD-L1 and VEGFR2 there were no differences in expression in the different International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group stages of non-seminoma. These data suggested that the anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy and the anti-angiogenic therapy, sequentially or in combination, may be a promising option in the treatment of testicular cancer.
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