ReviewInfection and drug resistance2018
Association between tobacco smoking and drug-resistant tuberculosis.
Review in Infection and drug resistance, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04208789 (Artificial Neural Network as Diagnostic Tools For Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis In Indonesia), which is not on this map. Cited by 34 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Artificial Neural Network as Diagnostic Tools For Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis In Indonesia: A Predictive Model Study and Economic Evaluation
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- The impact of behavioural risk factors on communicable diseases: a systematic review of reviews.BMC public health · 2021Pooled it
- Effect of smoking on tuberculosis treatment outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2020Pooled it
- Risk factors for treatment failure of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis: results from a two-decade data analysis.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Prevalence ofIJID regions · 2026Article
- Article
- Characteristics and smoking behaviors among patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) in South Africa.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Association between cardiometabolic risk factors and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: A case-control study.PloS one · 2025Article
- Global, regional, and national burdens of MDR-TB attributable to smoking from 1990 to 2021 with a prediction from 2022 to 2050.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Prediction of risk factors associated with the development of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in patients with tuberculosis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Tobacco Use Behaviors and Associated Factors among Newly Diagnosed Tuberculosis Patients in Benin and Burkina Faso.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024Article
- Insights, beliefs, and myths surrounding tuberculosis among pulmonary patients with delayed healthcare access in a high-burden TB state in Nigeria - a qualitative inquiry.Frontiers in sociology · 2024Article
- Optimizing the cascade of prevention to protect people from tuberculosis: A potential game changer for reducing global tuberculosis incidence.PLOS global public health · 2024Review
- Systematic replication of smoking disease associations using survey responses and EHR data in the All of Us Research Program.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2023Article
- Article
- Effects of smoking on the severity and transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis: A hospital-based case control study.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Rifampicin resistantSAGE open medicine · 2023Article
- Evaluation of TB elimination strategies in Canadian Inuit populations: Nunavut as a case study.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2022Article
- Cardiovascular risk factors among people with drug-resistant tuberculosis in Uganda.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2022Article
- Article
- No smoke without fire: the impact of cigarette smoking on the immune control of tuberculosis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTobacco smoking is a risk factor for tuberculosis but little is known about the relationship between tobacco smoking and drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantitatively assess the association between DR-TB and tobacco smoking.
methodsWe searched for relevant studies in the Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WANFANG, and WEIPU data-bases from inception to September 1, 2017. Results were expressed as odds ratios (ORs) with accompanying 95% CIs, and subgroup analyses were performed by study design, smoking type, DR-TB type, and multivariate analysis.
resultsThirty-three studies related to tobacco smoking and DR-TB were included. We found substantial evidence that tobacco smoking is associated with an increased risk of DR-TB (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.33-1.86). Associations were also found in subgroup analyses: for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.19-1.86) and for any DR-TB (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.3-2.23); the pooled OR was 1.45 (95% CI 1.11-1.90) for current smoking, 2.25 (95% CI 1.46-3.47) for past smoking, and 1.56 (95% CI 1.22-1.98) for smoking history; and similar ORs were also observed in study design and multivariate analysis subgroup analysis.
conclusionThis study demonstrated that tobacco smoking is an independent risk factor for DR-TB.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.