ArticleAmerican journal of public health2018
Prevalence and Data Availability of Early Childhood Caries in 193 United Nations Countries, 2007-2017.
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Article in American journal of public health, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 93 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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93citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
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Who cites it
93 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Prevalence and associated risk indicators of early childhood caries in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC oral health · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence of early childhood caries in Southern Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC oral health · 2026Pooled it
- Optimal tooth brushing initiation age and frequency for preventing early childhood caries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC oral health · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence and risk factors for early childhood caries in North Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC oral health · 2025Pooled it
- Caries status in 12-year-old children, geographical location and socioeconomic conditions across European countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of paediatric dentistry · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between sugar intake and dental caries in Nigeria.BMC oral health · 2024Pooled it
- Individual, Family, and Socioeconomic Contributors to Dental Caries in Children from Low- and Middle-Income Countries.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Effectiveness of nanosilver fluoride and silver diamine fluoride in arresting early childhood caries: a randomized controlled clinical trial.BMC oral health · 2024Trial
- Silver diamine fluoride with sodium fluoride varnish versus silver diamine fluoride in arresting early childhood caries: a 6-months follow up of a randomized field trial.BMC oral health · 2023Trial
- Effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride versus sodium fluoride varnish combined with mother's motivational interviewing for arresting early childhood caries: a randomized clinical trial.BMC oral health · 2023Trial
- Randomized Clinical Trial on Sodium Fluoride with Tricalcium Phosphate.Journal of dental research · 2021Trial
- Streptococcus dentisani and Streptococcus mutans in dental biofilm of preschoolers with and without early childhood caries: a cross-sectional study.European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry · 2026Article
- A Theory-Based Digital Intervention to Improve Maternal Oral Health Behaviors for Young Children: Quasi-Experimental Study.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2026Article
- Oral health related quality of life in a group of Egyptian preschool children with early childhood caries: a cross-sectional study.BMC oral health · 2026Observational
- Comparative Efficacy of Silver Diamine Fluoride and Sodium Fluoride in Managing Early Childhood Caries: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of dentistry · 2026Review
- Vitamin D Levels During Pregnancy and Dental Caries in Offspring.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Dietary diversity and food groups associated with early childhood caries in a suburban community in Nigeria.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Environmental Determinants of Early Childhood Caries: A Narrative Synthesis of Observational Evidence and Implications for Global Policy.Dentistry journal · 2025Article
- Associations between the use of caries preventive methods and ECC experience in Ile-Ife, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Managing Early Childhood Caries in Asia-Pacific Region.International dental journal · 2025Review
33 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Maha El TantawiMaha El Tantawi and Balgis O. Gaffar are with the Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Morenike O. Folayan is with the Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Mohamed Mehaina is with Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Alexandria, Egypt. Ana Vukovic is with the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia. Jorge L. Castillo is with the Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. Arheiam Arheiam is with the Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Libya. Ola B. Al-Batayneh is with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan. Arthur M. Kemoli is with the Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya. Robert J. Schroth is with the Department of Preventive Dental Science, Dr Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, and Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health and Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Gillian H. M. Lee is with Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Morenike O FolayanMaha El Tantawi and Balgis O. Gaffar are with the Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Morenike O. Folayan is with the Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Mohamed Mehaina is with Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Alexandria, Egypt. Ana Vukovic is with the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia. Jorge L. Castillo is with the Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. Arheiam Arheiam is with the Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Libya. Ola B. Al-Batayneh is with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan. Arthur M. Kemoli is with the Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya. Robert J. Schroth is with the Department of Preventive Dental Science, Dr Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, and Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health and Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Gillian H. M. Lee is with Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Mohamed MehainaMaha El Tantawi and Balgis O. Gaffar are with the Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Morenike O. Folayan is with the Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Mohamed Mehaina is with Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Alexandria, Egypt. Ana Vukovic is with the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia. Jorge L. Castillo is with the Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. Arheiam Arheiam is with the Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Libya. Ola B. Al-Batayneh is with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan. Arthur M. Kemoli is with the Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya. Robert J. Schroth is with the Department of Preventive Dental Science, Dr Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, and Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health and Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Gillian H. M. Lee is with Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Ana VukovicMaha El Tantawi and Balgis O. Gaffar are with the Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Morenike O. Folayan is with the Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Mohamed Mehaina is with Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Alexandria, Egypt. Ana Vukovic is with the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia. Jorge L. Castillo is with the Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. Arheiam Arheiam is with the Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Libya. Ola B. Al-Batayneh is with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan. Arthur M. Kemoli is with the Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya. Robert J. Schroth is with the Department of Preventive Dental Science, Dr Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, and Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health and Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Gillian H. M. Lee is with Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Jorge L CastilloMaha El Tantawi and Balgis O. Gaffar are with the Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Morenike O. Folayan is with the Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Mohamed Mehaina is with Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Alexandria, Egypt. Ana Vukovic is with the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia. Jorge L. Castillo is with the Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. Arheiam Arheiam is with the Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Libya. Ola B. Al-Batayneh is with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan. Arthur M. Kemoli is with the Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya. Robert J. Schroth is with the Department of Preventive Dental Science, Dr Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, and Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health and Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Gillian H. M. Lee is with Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Balgis O GaffarMaha El Tantawi and Balgis O. Gaffar are with the Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Morenike O. Folayan is with the Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Mohamed Mehaina is with Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Alexandria, Egypt. Ana Vukovic is with the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia. Jorge L. Castillo is with the Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. Arheiam Arheiam is with the Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Libya. Ola B. Al-Batayneh is with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan. Arthur M. Kemoli is with the Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya. Robert J. Schroth is with the Department of Preventive Dental Science, Dr Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, and Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health and Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Gillian H. M. Lee is with Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Arheiam ArheiamMaha El Tantawi and Balgis O. Gaffar are with the Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Morenike O. Folayan is with the Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Mohamed Mehaina is with Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Alexandria, Egypt. Ana Vukovic is with the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia. Jorge L. Castillo is with the Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. Arheiam Arheiam is with the Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Libya. Ola B. Al-Batayneh is with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan. Arthur M. Kemoli is with the Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya. Robert J. Schroth is with the Department of Preventive Dental Science, Dr Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, and Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health and Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Gillian H. M. Lee is with Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Ola B Al-BataynehMaha El Tantawi and Balgis O. Gaffar are with the Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Morenike O. Folayan is with the Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Mohamed Mehaina is with Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Alexandria, Egypt. Ana Vukovic is with the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia. Jorge L. Castillo is with the Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. Arheiam Arheiam is with the Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Libya. Ola B. Al-Batayneh is with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan. Arthur M. Kemoli is with the Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya. Robert J. Schroth is with the Department of Preventive Dental Science, Dr Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, and Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health and Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Gillian H. M. Lee is with Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Arthur M KemoliMaha El Tantawi and Balgis O. Gaffar are with the Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Morenike O. Folayan is with the Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Mohamed Mehaina is with Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Alexandria, Egypt. Ana Vukovic is with the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia. Jorge L. Castillo is with the Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. Arheiam Arheiam is with the Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Libya. Ola B. Al-Batayneh is with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan. Arthur M. Kemoli is with the Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya. Robert J. Schroth is with the Department of Preventive Dental Science, Dr Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, and Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health and Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Gillian H. M. Lee is with Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Robert J SchrothMaha El Tantawi and Balgis O. Gaffar are with the Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Morenike O. Folayan is with the Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Mohamed Mehaina is with Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Alexandria, Egypt. Ana Vukovic is with the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia. Jorge L. Castillo is with the Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. Arheiam Arheiam is with the Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Libya. Ola B. Al-Batayneh is with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan. Arthur M. Kemoli is with the Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya. Robert J. Schroth is with the Department of Preventive Dental Science, Dr Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, and Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health and Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Gillian H. M. Lee is with Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Gillian H M LeeMaha El Tantawi and Balgis O. Gaffar are with the Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Morenike O. Folayan is with the Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Mohamed Mehaina is with Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Alexandria, Egypt. Ana Vukovic is with the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia. Jorge L. Castillo is with the Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. Arheiam Arheiam is with the Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Libya. Ola B. Al-Batayneh is with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan. Arthur M. Kemoli is with the Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya. Robert J. Schroth is with the Department of Preventive Dental Science, Dr Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, and Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health and Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Gillian H. M. Lee is with Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo assess the relationship between health care system and economic factors and early childhood caries (ECC) data availability and prevalence.
methodsWe estimated ECC data for 193 United Nations countries from studies published between 2007 and 2017. We obtained other variables from the World Health Organization and the World Bank databases. We assessed association with ECC data availability by using logistic regression and with ECC prevalence by using linear regression.
resultsWe included 190 publications from 88 (45.6%) countries. The mean ECC prevalence was 23.8% and 57.3% in children younger than 36 months and children aged 36 to 71 months, respectively. The odds of ECC data availability were significantly higher for countries with more physicians and more dentists. In children younger than 36 months, ECC prevalence was associated with universal health coverage (B = -6.56). In children aged 36 to 71 months, it was associated with growth of gross national income (B = 0.27).
conclusionsCountries with more physicians and more dentists were more likely to have ECC data. Among those with data, countries with higher economic growth had higher ECC prevalence.
Indexed as
Global HealthChildChild, PreschoolDatabases, FactualDental CariesHumansInfantPrevalenceRetrospective StudiesUnited Nations
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