ArticleJAMA psychiatry2018
Causes of Death After Nonfatal Opioid Overdose.
Article in JAMA psychiatry, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 74 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 120 citations in OpenAlex.
- Opioid use and the risk of cancer incidence and mortality: a systematic review.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Recruiting a National Sample of First Response Agencies to Participate in an Overdose Prevention Research Project: Randomized Controlled Trial and Feasibility Study.JMIR formative research · 2026Trial
- Links between suicidal intent, polysubstance use, and medical treatment after non-fatal opioid overdose.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Trial
- Nonfatal Drug Overdose in a National Sample of Adolescents by Intent and Substance, Medicaid 2016-2020.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2026Article
- Defining nonfatal opioid overdoses using administrative health data in the United States and Canada: A scoping review.Preventive medicine reports · 2026Review
- National trends in cardiovascular deaths with concurrent accidental drug poisoning coding in the United States: a 22-year analysis of the CDC WONDER database (1999-2020).BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Developing Longitudinal Post-Overdose Care: A Call to Action.Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology · 2026Article
- Shifting Demographics and Polysubstance Drivers of Overdose Mortality in Pennsylvania (1999-2020).Cureus · 2026Article
- Morbidity, mortality, and health outcomes following emergency department visits for fentanyl-related overdoses: A retrospective cohort study.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2026Article
- Timely Receipt of New Medication Treatment After Acute Care Encounters for Opioid Overdose in the U.S. Medicaid Population.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Article
- High-risk emergency department visits and risk of all-cause mortality, suicide, and fatal overdose among US military veterans.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- The Effectiveness of Cognitive Rehabilitation on Cognitive Flexibility, Working Memory, Response Inhibition, and Drug Craving in Abstinent Addicts.Addiction & health · 2026Article
- Pharmacotherapy and overdose risk following new opioid use disorder diagnosis among Medicaid beneficiaries.The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse · 2026Article
- Contextual factors related to the overlap of the overdose and HIV pandemics and their clinical implications.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Article
- Housing matters: The long-term impact of stable housing on mortality among people with HIV in British Columbia, Canada.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025Article
- Means to an end: Characteristics and follow-up of emergency department patients with a history of suicide attempt via medication overdose.Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine · 2025Article
- Correction: Rapid Assessment Amid an Injection Drug Use-Driven HIV Outbreak in Massachusetts' Merrimack Valley: Highlights from a Case Study.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Rapid Assessment Amid an Injection Drug Use-Driven HIV Outbreak in Massachusetts' Merrimack Valley: Highlights from a Case Study.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- How emergency departments are responding to the opioid crisis: Results from a statewide survey in Kentucky.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2024Article
- How post overdose response efforts can address social determinants of health among people who use drugs: perspectives from the New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) Post Overdose Response Team (PORT).Harm reduction journal · 2024Review
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Importance: A recent increase in patients presenting with nonfatal opioid overdoses has focused clinical attention on characterizing their risks of premature mortality. Objective: To describe all-cause mortality rates, selected cause-specific mortality rates, and standardized mortality rate ratios (SMRs) of adults during their first year after nonfatal opioid overdose. Design, Setting, and Participants: This US national longitudinal study assesses a cohort of patients aged 18 to 64 years who were Medicaid beneficiaries and experienced nonfatal opioid overdoses. The Medicaid data set included the years 2001 through 2007. Death record information was obtained from the National Death Index. Data analysis occurred from October 2017 to January 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures: Crude mortality rates per 100 000 person-years were determined in the first year after nonfatal opioid overdose. Standardized mortality rate ratios (SMR) were estimated for all-cause and selected cause-specific mortality standardized to the general population with respect to age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Results: The primary cohort included 76 325 adults and 66 736 person-years of follow-up. During the first year after nonfatal opioid overdose, there were 5194 deaths, the crude death rate was 778.3 per 10 000 person-years, and the all-cause SMR was 24.2 (95% CI, 23.6-24.9). The most common immediate causes of death were substance use-associated diseases (26.2%), diseases of the circulatory system (13.2%), and cancer (10.3%). For every cause examined, SMRs were significantly elevated, especially with respect to drug use-associated diseases (SMR, 132.1; 95% CI, 125.6-140.0), HIV (SMR, 45.9; 95% CI, 39.5-53.0), chronic respiratory diseases (SMR, 41.1; 95% CI, 36.0-46.8), viral hepatitis (SMR, 30.6; 95% CI, 22.9-40.2), and suicide (SMR, 25.9; 95% CI, 22.6-29.6), particularly including suicide among females (SMR, 47.9; 95% CI, 39.8-52.3). Conclusions and Relevance: In a US national cohort of adults who had experienced a nonfatal opioid overdose, a marked excess of deaths was attributable to a wide range of substance use-associated, mental health, and medical conditions, underscoring the importance of closely coordinating the substance use, mental health, and medical care of this patient population.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.