ReviewNature immunology2018
Reassessing B cell contributions in multiple sclerosis.
Review in Nature immunology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 216 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
216 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Elusive B Cell Antigen in Multiple Sclerosis: Time to Rethink CNS B Cell Functions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) Inhibitors and Autoimmune Diseases: Making Sense of BTK Inhibitor Specificity Profiles and Recent Clinical Trial Successes and Failures.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- Switch from intravenous anti-CD20 therapy to subcutaneous ofatumumab in patients with relapsing MS: results from the OLIKOS study.Journal of neurology · 2025Trial
- Effect of Ocrelizumab on B- and T-Cell Receptor Repertoire Diversity in Patients With Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis From the Randomized Phase III OPERA Trial.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2023Trial
- Effect of vitamin D supplementation on N-glycan branching and cellular immunophenotypes in MS.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2020Trial
- Pre-treatment T-cell subsets associate with fingolimod treatment responsiveness in multiple sclerosis.Scientific reports · 2020Trial
- Review
- Persistence of mucosal CAR-T cells and inflammatory remodeling in enterocolitis associated with BCMA CAR-T cell therapy.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- Compartmentalized B cell-microglia crosstalk drives ischemic white matter demyelination.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Real-World Effectiveness and Safety of Ofatumumab in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis: Comparison of Treatment-Naïve Patients and Switchers in a Multicenter Cohort.Drugs - real world outcomes · 2026Article
- Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cells in Myasthenia Gravis: Advances, Safety Challenges, and Future Directions.Muscle & nerve · 2026Review
- S3I-201, a STAT3 Inhibitor, Inhibits Proinflammatory Mediator Signalling in CD19 and CD45R/B220 Cells in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Integrin β1 Demarks Precursors of Brain-Residing Antibody-Secreting Cells in Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Comparative Effectiveness of Rituximab in Treatment-Naïve vs. Switch Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Real-World Retrospective Study.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2026Article
- Real-world experience with rituximab for multiple sclerosis treatment in a Brazilian tertiary center.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2026Observational
- Impaired T Follicular Regulatory Cell Function and Enhanced T Follicular Helper Cell Activity in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: Mechanistic Insights into CNS Autoimmunity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Association of cytokine levels with treatment duration and patient family history in Egyptian multiple sclerosis patients.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Two-year OCT follow-up in multiple sclerosis patients on Ofatumumab shows retinal preservation over non-antiCD20 treatments.Journal of neurology · 2026Observational
- Paediatric cerebrospinal fluid immune profiling distinguishes paediatric-onset multiple sclerosis from other paediatric-onset acute neurological disorders.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Epstein-Barr virus-associated multiple sclerosis: recent mechanistic advances and clinical therapeutic perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
156 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There is growing recognition that B cell contributions to normal immune responses extend well beyond their potential to become antibody-producing cells, including roles at the innate-adaptive interface and their potential to modulate the responses of other immune cells such as T cells and myeloid cells. These B cell functions can have both pathogenic and protective effects in the context of central nervous system (CNS) inflammation. Here, we review recent advances in the field of multiple sclerosis (MS), which has traditionally been viewed as primarily a T cell-mediated disease, and we consider antibody-dependent and, particularly, emerging antibody-independent functions of B cells that may be relevant in both the peripheral and CNS disease compartments.
Indexed as
Identifiers
29925992What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.