ArticlePloS one2018
Low gestational age at birth and difficulties in school-A matter of 'dose'.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Cognitive and academic outcomes of large-for-gestational-age babies born at early term: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2025Pooled it
- Early Diagnoses of Concern Appear Valid in Predicting Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Mid-Childhood.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2026Article
- Effect of gestational age on special education: a population-based matched cohort analysis.Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition · 2025Article
- Longitudinal effects of gestational age on academic performance in children born preterm.Early human development · 2025Article
- Offspring school performance at age 12 after induction of labor vs non-intervention at term: A linked cohort study.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2023Article
- Socioeconomic outcomes beyond 30 years of age in a cohort born with very low birth weight.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2023Article
- Association of Gestational Age at Birth With Subsequent Neurodevelopment in Early Childhood: A National Retrospective Cohort Study in China.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- Gestational Age at Term and Educational Outcomes at Age Nine.Pediatrics · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesSeveral studies suggest a relationship between gestational age at birth and risk of school difficulties. Our study aimed to investigate the association between the entire range of gestational ages and significant school difficulties measured as 1) More than nine hours per week special educational support and 2) Failing to complete compulsory school.
methodsA population-based register study including all children attending the Danish compulsory school in 2015/2016 and all live-born infants born in Denmark from 1992 to 1997. Data were collected and linked using multiple registers held by Statistic Denmark. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the association between gestational age and significant school difficulties, adjusted for explanatory variables.
resultsFor measurement 1) "Special educational support" 615,789 children entered the analyses after exclusion of those with missing neonatal data. The risk of special educational support increased gradually across the entire range of gestation from 40 to ≤24 weeks: The adjusted odds ratio was 1.07 (95% confidence interval 1.03-1.12) at 39 weeks of gestational and 6.18 (95% confidence interval 5.17-7.39) at gestational ages < 28 weeks. For measurement 2) "Failing to complete compulsory school" the cohort consisted of 374,798 children after exclusion of those who died, had emigrated and/or had missing neonatal data. The risk of failing to complete compulsory school increased across the entire range of gestational ages: The adjusted odds ratio was 1.07 (95% confidence interval 1.04-1.10) at 39 weeks of gestation and 2.99 (95% confidence interval 2.41-3.71) at gestational ages < 28 weeks. In both sets of analyses GA = 40 weeks was used as reference.
conclusionsWe confirm a clear association between the degree of prematurity and significant school difficulties across the entire range of gestational ages from ≤ 24 to 40 weeks.
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