ArticlePloS one2018
Sponge chemical defenses are a possible mechanism for increasing sponge abundance on reefs in Zanzibar.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Investigations of the Evolved Molecular Basis for Terpenoid Biosynthesis in Marine Sponges.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Ethanolic extracts from deep marine sponges: A new frontier in antibacterial discovery from the Jordanian Gulf of Aqaba.Biomedical reports · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial Metabolites Isolated from Some Marine Bacteria Associated withMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Identification and Antimicrobial Potential of Marine Sponges (International journal of microbiology · 2025Article
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- The unique and enigmatic spirochete symbiont of latrunculid sponges.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Recent Advances in Marine-Derived Compounds as Potent Antibacterial and Antifungal Agents: A Comprehensive Review.Marine drugs · 2024Review
- Impact of Marine Chemical Ecology Research on the Discovery and Development of New Pharmaceuticals.Marine drugs · 2023Review
- Prioritization of Microorganisms Isolated from the Indian Ocean SpongeMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Article
- Sponge holobionts shift their prokaryotic communities and antimicrobial activity from shallow to lower mesophotic depths.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2022Article
- New Metabolites from the Marine SpongeMarine drugs · 2022Article
- Review
- The Validity of Brine Shrimp (Artemia Sp.) Toxicity Assays to Assess the Ecological Function of Marine Natural Products.Journal of chemical ecology · 2021Article
- Ecological and Pharmacological Activities of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) from the Indonesian Marine SpongeMarine drugs · 2021Article
- Comparative Genomics Provides Insight into the Function of Broad-Host Range Sponge Symbionts.mBio · 2021Article
- High taxonomic resolution surveys and trait-based analyses reveal multiple benthic regimes in North Sulawesi (Indonesia).Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Article
- The Distribution and Antibacterial Activity of Marine Sponge-Associated Bacteria in the Aegean Sea and the Sea of Marmara, Turkey.Current microbiology · 2021Article
- Antimicrobial Potential and Phytochemical Screening ofBioMed research international · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Coral reefs are experiencing increasing anthropogenic impacts that result in substantial declines of reef-building corals and a change of community structure towards other benthic invertebrates or macroalgae. Reefs around Zanzibar are exposed to untreated sewage and runoff from the main city Stonetown. At many of these sites, sponge cover has increased over the last years. Sponges are one of the top spatial competitors on reefs worldwide. Their success is, in part, dependent on their strong chemical defenses against predators, microbial attacks and other sessile benthic competitors. This is the first study that investigates the bioactive properties of sponge species in the Western Indian Ocean region. Crude extracts of the ten most dominant sponge species were assessed for their chemical defenses against 35 bacterial strains (nine known as marine pathogens) using disc diffusion assays and general cytotoxic activities were assessed with brine shrimp lethality assays. The three chemically most active sponge species were additionally tested for their allelopathic properties against the scleractinian coral competitor Porites sp.. The antimicrobial assays revealed that all tested sponge extracts had strong antimicrobial properties and that the majority (80%) of the tested sponges were equally defended against pathogenic and environmental bacterial strains. Additionally, seven out of ten sponge species exhibited cytotoxic activities in the brine shrimp assay. Moreover, we could also show that the three most bioactive sponge species were able to decrease the photosynthetic performance of the coral symbionts and thus were likely to impair the coral physiology.
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