Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29924477›Full record

ReviewCNS neuroscience & therapeutics2018

System neuroscience: Past, present, and future.

Giacomo Rizzolatti, Maddalena Fabbri-Destro, Fausto Caruana, Pietro Avanzini

Abstract readHistorical ArticleReview
In one paragraph

Review in CNS neuroscience & therapeutics, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Understanding the mind-brain relationship through focal neurodegenerative pathology.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. System neuroscience: Past, present, and future.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2018
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Giacomo RizzolattiIstituto di Neuroscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Parma, Italy.
Maddalena Fabbri-DestroIstituto di Neuroscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Parma, Italy.
Fausto CaruanaDipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy.
Pietro AvanziniIstituto di Neuroscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Parma, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-9371-451X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In this review, we discuss first the anatomical and lesion studies that allowed the localization of fundamental functions in the cerebral cortex of primates including humans. Subsequently, we argue that the years from the end of the Second World War until the end of the last century represented the "golden age" of system neuroscience. In this period, the mechanisms-not only the localization-underlying sensory, and in particular visual functions were described, followed by those underlying cognitive functions and housed in temporal, parietal, and premotor areas. At the end of the last century, brain imaging techniques were developed that allowed the assessment of the functions of different cortical areas in a more precise and sophisticated way. However, brain imaging tells little about the neural mechanisms underlying functions. Furthermore, the brain imaging suffers from 3 major problems: time is absent, the data are merely correlative and the testing is often not ecological. We conclude our review discussing the possibility that these pitfalls might be overcome by using intracortical recordings (eg stereo-EEG), which have millisecond time resolution, allow direct electrical stimulation of specific sites, and finally enable to study patients while freely moving.

Indexed as

Brain MappingAnimalsBrainElectroencephalographyHistory, 20th CenturyHistory, 21st CenturyHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingNeurosciencesbrain imagingelectrical stimulationfunctional MRIintracranial recordingsneural mechanisms

Identifiers

PMID29924477
PMCPMC6490004

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.