ArticleThe journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences2019
A Frailty Index for UK Biobank Participants.
Article in The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 130 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
130 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Genome-wide meta-analysis of muscle weakness identifies 15 susceptibility loci in older men and women.Nature communications · 2021Pooled it
- Efficacy and Safety of Dapagliflozin According to Frailty in Patients With Heart Failure: A Prespecified Analysis of the DELIVER Trial.Circulation · 2022Trial
- Dynamic frailty trajectories and risk of age-related macular degeneration: a prospective cohort study in UK Biobank.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Lifetime non-relational traumatic experiences are associated with biological ageing.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Age at first sexual intercourse and frailty: Mendelian randomization and population-based evidence from NHANES and UK Biobank.Sexual medicine · 2026Article
- Frailty and risk of common chronic diseases among cancer survivors: a prospective cohort study.Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2026Article
- Mediators of attachment, frailty, and mild cognitive impairment in older adults.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2026Article
- Evaluation of the FI-Lab, a laboratory-based, automated frailty index for acute care: A multicohort study.PLoS medicine · 2026Article
- Total and beverage-specific alcohol use at mid-life and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a prospective cohort study.Nutrition journal · 2026Article
- The association of frailty with age and lifespan in mice differs by strain and sex.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Article
- Frailty and prefrailty are associated with increased risk of aortic aneurysm but not aortic dissection: a prospective cohort study of UK biobank participants.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Deficit accumulation frailty and risk of incident chronic kidney disease: a prospective analysis of the UK biobank and CHARLS cohorts.International urology and nephrology · 2026Article
- Development and validation of an electronic health record-based frailty index in the UK Biobank.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Article
- Association of Frailty and Frailty Trajectory with Risk for Respiratory Infectious Diseases.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Amino acid-based biological age clock and its implications for human health and aging.Nature communications · 2026Article
- ProtFI, an efficient frailty-trained proteomics-based biomarker of aging, robustly predicts age-related decline.Cell reports methods · 2026Article
- Frailty status and mortality among patients with cardiometabolic diseases in an international multi-cohort study.iScience · 2026Article
- Delirium and incident nursing home admission among people with and without dementia.Age and ageing · 2026Article
- Creatinine muscle index in UK Biobank: comparison with MRI and associations with frailty and mortality.Clinical kidney journal · 2026Article
- Adverse events in both childhood and adulthood are associated with molecular, clinical and functional markers of ageing.BMC medicine · 2026Article
70 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFrailty indices (FIs) measure variation in health between aging individuals. Researching FIs in resources with large-scale genetic and phenotypic data will provide insights into the causes and consequences of frailty. Thus, we aimed to develop an FI using UK Biobank data, a cohort study of 500,000 middle-aged and older adults.
methodsAn FI was calculated using 49 self-reported questionnaire items on traits covering health, presence of diseases and disabilities, and mental well-being, according to standard protocol. We used multiple imputation to derive FI values for the entire eligible sample in the presence of missing item data (N = 500,336). To validate the measure, we assessed associations of the FI with age, sex, and risk of all-cause mortality (follow-up ≤ 9.7 years) using linear and Cox proportional hazards regression models.
resultsMean FI in the cohort was 0.125 (SD = 0.075), and there was a curvilinear trend toward higher values in older participants. FI values were also marginally higher on average in women than in men. In survival models, 10% higher baseline frailty (ie, a 0.1 FI increment) was associated with higher risk of death (hazard ratio = 1.65; 95% confidence interval: 1.62-1.68). Associations were stronger in younger participants than in older participants, and in men than in women (hazard ratios: 1.72 vs. 1.56, respectively).
conclusionsThe FI is a valid measure of frailty in UK Biobank. The cohort's data are open access for researchers to use, and we provide script for deriving this tool to facilitate future studies on frailty.
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