ReviewReviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders2018
Endocrine treatment of aging transgender people.
Review in Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hormonal Gender Reassignment Treatment for Gender Dysphoria.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2020Pooled it
- [Gender-affirming hormone therapy: state of the art].Urologie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Equitable aging in health framework: a multi-systems and multilevel approach to health challenges and supports for transgender older adults.Innovation in aging · 2025Article
- Article
- Glucose Homeostasis, Diabetes Mellitus, and Gender-Affirming Treatment.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Clinical Pharmacological Considerations in Transgender Medicine.Handbook of experimental pharmacology · 2023Article
- Gender-affirming hormone therapy, mental health, and surgical considerations for aging transgender and gender diverse adults.Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Review
- The ENIGI (European Network for the Investigation of Gender Incongruence) Study: Overview of Acquired Endocrine Knowledge and Future Perspectives.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- SIGIS-SIAMS-SIE position statement of gender affirming hormonal treatment in transgender and non-binary people.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2022Article
- Sex steroids receptors, hypertension, and vascular ageing.Journal of human hypertension · 2022Review
- Sex and Gender Differences in Clinical Pharmacology: Implications for Transgender Medicine.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2021Review
- Characteristics of Transgender Women Referred to Women's Heart Clinic.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2021Article
- Feminizing Hormone Therapy Prescription Patterns and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Aging Transgender Individuals in Australia.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Article
- Pituitary Hyperplasia, Hormonal Changes and Prolactinoma Development in Males Exposed to Estrogens-An Insight From Translational Studies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Incidence of invasive breast cancer in women treated with testosterone implants: a prospective 10-year cohort study.BMC cancer · 2019Article
- On Not Knowing What We Don't Know to Knowing What We Don't Know: Obstructive Sleep Apnea in the Transgender Community.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2019Article
- Cancer Screening for Transgender Patients: An Online Case-Based Module.MedEdPORTAL : the journal of teaching and learning resources · 2019Article
- Transcendendo: A Cohort Study of HIV-Infected and Uninfected Transgender Women in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.Transgender health · 2019Article
- Health considerations for transgender women and remaining unknowns: a narrative review.Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism · 2019Review
- Gender dysphoria and transgender medicine in the year 2018.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
High quality empirical data assessing morbidity and mortality and cancer incidence among transgender people are almost non-existent. Sex hormone treatment of conditions in older non-transgender people might as yet be taken as the best available analogy to hormone administration to aging transgender persons. Testosterone administration to transgender men carries little risk with regard to cardiovascular disease and cancer. A dose adaptation may be needed in men with a high hematocrit or cardiac insufficiency. In transgender men, even after breast ablation, breast cancer may occur in residual mammary tissue. Treatment with estrogens (specifically oral ethinylestradiol) of transgender women, particularly in combination with progestins, carries a significant relative risk of developing cardiovascular disease (almost a twofold incidence compared to the general population). The dose of estrogens may have to be reduced with aging. A change from oral to probably safer transdermal estrogens must be considered. Though rare, tumors of the breasts, prostate, meninges and pituitary have been encountered. Based upon the available expertise, initiation of cross-sex hormone treatment in elderly subjects is without disproportionate risks.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.