ReviewFrontiers in immunology2018
Translating Observations From Leishmanization Into Non-Living Vaccines: The Potential of Dendritic Cell-Based Vaccination Strategies Against
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- A review of vaccinology andHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Leishmania major Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (DLD) is a key metabolic enzyme that drives parasite proliferation, pathology and host immune response.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Recent advances in the genetic engineering of theIranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2025Review
- The role of helminths and their antigens in cancer therapy: insights from cell line models.Infectious agents and cancer · 2024Review
- The development and maintenance of immunity against visceral leishmaniasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Live attenuated-nonpathogenicFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
- High seroprevalence of Leishmania infantum is linked to immune activation in people with HIV: a two-stage cross-sectional study in Bahia, Brazil.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Centrin-deficient Leishmania mexicana confers protection against Old World visceral leishmaniasis.NPJ vaccines · 2022Article
- The History of Live AttenuatedPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Preclinical validation of a live attenuated dermotropic Leishmania vaccine against vector transmitted fatal visceral leishmaniasis.Communications biology · 2021Article
- TheGenes · 2021Article
- Interleukin-4 Responsive Dendritic Cells Are Dispensable to Host Resistance AgainstFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Revival of Leishmanization and Leishmanin.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- Vaccines for leishmaniasis and the implications of their development for American tegumentary leishmaniasis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2020Review
- Isolation and Functions of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Parasites: The Promise of a New Era in Immunotherapy, Vaccination, and Diagnosis.International journal of nanomedicine · 2020Review
- Protective or Detrimental? Understanding the Role of Host Immunity in Leishmaniasis.Microorganisms · 2019Review
- Infection of Human Neutrophils WithFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2019Article
- Pathogen Evasion of Chemokine Response Through Suppression of CXCL10.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a health-threatening vector-borne disease in almost 90 different countries. While a prophylactic human vaccine is not yet available, the fact that recovery from leishmaniasis establishes lifelong immunity against secondary infection suggests that a vaccine is attainable. In the past, deliberate infection with virulent parasites, termed Leishmanization, was used as a live-vaccine against cutaneous leishmaniasis and effectively protected against vector-transmitted disease in endemic areas. However, the practice was discontinued due to major complications including non-healing skin lesions, exacerbation of skin diseases, and the potential impact of immunosuppression. Instead, tremendous effort has been made to develop killed, live attenuated, and non-living subunit formulations. Many of these formulations produce promising experimental results but have failed in field trials or against experimental challenge with infected sand flies. Recently, experimental models of leishmanization have unraveled the critical role of parasite persistence in maintaining the circulating CD4
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.