ReviewFrontiers in immunology2018
A Brief History of Microglial Ultrastructure: Distinctive Features, Phenotypes, and Functions Discovered Over the Past 60 Years by Electron Microscopy.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- A human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived spheroid model to investigate myelin injury and repair.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Bacterial Proteomics and Antibiotic Resistance Identification: Is Single-Cell Analysis a Worthwhile Pursuit?Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Disease-associated microglia in neurodegenerative diseases: Friend or foe?PLoS biology · 2025Review
- Hofbauer cell alterations and potential role in the pathophysiology of HELLP syndrome.Human cell · 2025Article
- Review
- Type I collagen secreted in white matter lesions inhibits remyelination and functional recovery.Cell death & disease · 2025Article
- Sex chromosomes and sex hormones differently shape microglial properties during normal physiological conditions in the adult mouse hippocampus.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Pathogenesis and therapeutic applications of microglia receptors in Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Microglia heterogeneity during neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the mouse retina.Brain structure & function · 2024Article
- X-ray fluorescence mapping of brain tissue reveals the profound extent of trace element dysregulation in stroke pathophysiology.Metallomics : integrated biometal science · 2024Article
- Microglia contact cerebral vasculature through gaps between astrocyte endfeet.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2024Article
- Ultrastructural features of psychological stress resilience in the brain: a microglial perspective.Open biology · 2024Review
- Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 Alleviated Sevoflurane-Induced Developmental Neurotoxicity via Microglial Pruning of Dendritic Spines in the CA1 Region of the Hippocampus.Neuroscience bulletin · 2024Article
- Aged-Related Changes in Microglia and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Exploring the Connection.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Bone marrow-derived myeloid cells transiently colonize the brain during postnatal development and interact with glutamatergic synapses.iScience · 2024Article
- New insights into the role of the endoplasmic reticulum in microglia.Neural regeneration research · 2024Article
- High-throughput ultrastructural analysis of macular telangiectasia type 2.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Human cerebral organoids: cellular composition and subcellular morphological features.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Article
- Reply to: Methodological concerns and lack of evidence for single-synapse RNA-seq.Nature biotechnology · 2023Article
- Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The first electron microscope was constructed in 1931. Several decades later, techniques were developed to allow the first ultrastructural analysis of microglia by transmission electron microscopy (EM). In the 50 years that followed, important roles of microglia have been identified, specifically due to the ultrastructural resolution currently available only with EM. In particular, the addition of electron-dense staining using immunohistochemical EM methods has allowed the identification of microglial cell bodies, as well as processes, which are difficult to recognize in EM, and to uncover their complex interactions with neurons and synapses. The ability to recognize neuronal, astrocytic, and oligodendrocytic compartments in the neuropil without any staining is another invaluable advantage of EM over light microscopy for studying intimate cell-cell contacts. The technique has been essential in defining microglial interactions with neurons and synapses, thus providing, among other discoveries, important insights into their roles in synaptic stripping and pruning
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.