ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2018
Role of Human Macrophage Polarization in Inflammation during Infectious Diseases.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 723 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
723 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 1,280 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mucosal immune response in biology, disease prevention and treatment.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Impact of Smoking on Macrophage-Related Chemokines During Initial Peri-Implantitis: A Prospective Cohort Study.Clinical implant dentistry and related research · 2025Trial
- From AKI to CKD mechanisms of maladaptive repair and disease progression.International urology and nephrology · 2026Review
- Combating CD24 to overcome CD19 CAR-T resistance via induction of innate and adaptive immunity in B-cell malignancies.Leukemia · 2026Article
- Dicer-independent miR-451a is upregulated in periodontitis and potentiates inflammation by impairing macrophage polarization and SOCS activity.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Article
- Unveiling the role of circulating monocyte-macrophage polarization state and PD-L1/PD-L2 expression in newly diagnosed pediatric ITP.Blood research · 2026Article
- Mass Cytometry Reveals Cell Type-specific Immune Remodeling in Placentas of Women with Chronic Hepatitis B Infection.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2026Article
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- Inflammasome Dynamics in the High-Risk Clone ST235 with Altered Pyoverdine Structures.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Endothelial cells exposed to preeclamptic placental macrophages show increased oxidative stress and impaired angiogenesis in vitro.Pregnancy hypertension · 2026Article
- M2 polarization of macrophages: Manipulation of spinal cord injury repair.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Fungal Infections Associated with Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor Modulators: Immunological Mechanisms, Clinical Patterns, and Management Considerations.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Preservation of Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Properties in a Heat-Treated Probiotic Blend: Insights from Preclinical Models.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Review
- Macrophage-induced immunomodulation in oral tissue repair and regeneration: Recent advances and future perspectives.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Immunometabolic Dysregulation in Obesity: Integrating Macrophage Polarization, Metabolic Reprogramming, and Gut Microbiota Crosstalk.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Review
- Estrogen Promotes Melanogenesis Through Facilitating M2 Macrophage Skewing in Melasma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Review
- Leptin-induced autophagy regulates the immunomodulatory potential of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells through down regulating the expression of TSG-6.Scientific reports · 2026Article
663 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Experimental models have often been at the origin of immunological paradigms such as the M1/M2 dichotomy following macrophage polarization. However, this clear dichotomy in animal models is not as obvious in humans, and the separating line between M1-like and M2-like macrophages is rather represented by a continuum, where boundaries are still unclear. Indeed, human infectious diseases, are characterized by either a back and forth or often a mixed profile between the pro-inflammatory microenvironment (dominated by interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-23 and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α cytokines) and tissue injury driven by classically activated macrophages (M1-like) and wound healing driven by alternatively activated macrophages (M2-like) in an anti-inflammatory environment (dominated by IL-10, Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, chemokine ligand (CCL)1, CCL2, CCL17, CCL18, and CCL22). This review brews the complexity of the situation during infectious diseases by stressing on this continuum between M1-like and M2-like extremes. We first discuss the basic biology of macrophage polarization, function, and role in the inflammatory process and its resolution. Secondly, we discuss the relevance of the macrophage polarization continuum during infectious and neglected diseases, and the possibility to interfere with such activation states as a promising therapeutic strategy in the treatment of such diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.