ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2018
Analyzing gender inequality through large-scale Facebook advertising data.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mapping subnational gender gaps in internet and mobile adoption using social media data.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Social media data shed light on air-conditioning interest of heat-vulnerable regions and sociodemographic groups.One earth (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2023Article
- Using social media advertisement data to monitor the gender gap in STEM: opportunities and challenges.PeerJ. Computer science · 2022Article
- Using Facebook advertising data to describe the socio-economic situation of Syrian refugees in Lebanon.Frontiers in big data · 2022Article
- Worldwide impact of lifestyle predictors of dementia prevalence: An eXplainable Artificial Intelligence analysis.Frontiers in big data · 2022Article
- Linking excess mortality to mobility data during the first wave of COVID-19 in England and Wales.SSM - population health · 2021Article
- HIV knowledge and associated factors among young Ethiopians: application of multilevel order logistic regression using the 2016 EDHS.BMC infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Mapping global variation in human mobility.Nature human behaviour · 2020Article
- Diversity of artists in major U.S. museums.PloS one · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Online social media are information resources that can have a transformative power in society. While the Web was envisioned as an equalizing force that allows everyone to access information, the digital divide prevents large amounts of people from being present online. Online social media, in particular, are prone to gender inequality, an important issue given the link between social media use and employment. Understanding gender inequality in social media is a challenging task due to the necessity of data sources that can provide large-scale measurements across multiple countries. Here, we show how the Facebook Gender Divide (FGD), a metric based on aggregated statistics of more than 1.4 billion users in 217 countries, explains various aspects of worldwide gender inequality. Our analysis shows that the FGD encodes gender equality indices in education, health, and economic opportunity. We find gender differences in network externalities that suggest that using social media has an added value for women. Furthermore, we find that low values of the FGD are associated with increases in economic gender equality. Our results suggest that online social networks, while suffering evident gender imbalance, may lower the barriers that women have to access to informational resources and help to narrow the economic gender gap.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.