ReviewParasitology2018
Leishmania, microbiota and sand fly immunity.
Review in Parasitology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integrative morphological and DNA barcoding analysis of Forcipomyia (Lasiohelea) midges: cryptic diversity and first molecular detection of multiple Leishmania species in a leishmaniasis-endemic focus in Southern Thailand.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Baseline Characterization of the Gut Microbiota of Field and Colony Populations ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Limited impact of schistosome infection on Biomphalaria glabrata snail microbiomes.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Negative interactions between Toscana virus and Leishmania infantum limit coinfection in sand flies.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Sand fly endosymbionts in Kenya: Rickettsia and Wolbachia associations with Leishmania and detection of Rickettsia africae.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Functional Dissection ofToxins · 2026Article
- The Therapeutic Promise of Kojic Acid: A Comprehensive Review.Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Sand fly gut microbiota in Leishmania transmission: roles, interactions, and paratransgenic prospects.Archives of microbiology · 2025Review
- Characterization of Gut Bacteria in Natural Populations of Sand Flies (Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Microbiome diversity in mosquitoes and sand flies: implications for vector competence.Parasites & vectors · 2025Review
- Circulation aspects of phlebotomines (Diptera:Journal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2025Article
- Investigation of bacterial microbiota variability in two allopatric populations of Nyssomyia umbratilis, susceptible and nonsusceptible to Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis infection in the Amazon region.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Comparative Gut Proteome ofMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Seasonal trends of sand fly abundance andOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Leishmania sand fly-transmission is disrupted by Delftia tsuruhatensis TC1 bacteria.Nature communications · 2025Article
- CRISPR/Cas Technology in Insect Insecticide Resistance.Insects · 2025Review
- Analysis of the Microbial Community Structure ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- The activity of miltefosine combined with oral probiotics in a mouse model of cutaneous leishmaniasis.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2025Article
- Article
- Azadirachtin disrupts ecdysone signaling and alters sand fly immunity.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In this review, we explore the state-of-the-art of sand fly relationships with microbiota, viruses and Leishmania, with particular emphasis on the vector immune responses. Insect-borne diseases are a major public health problem in the world. Phlebotomine sand flies are proven vectors of several aetiological agents including viruses, bacteria and the trypanosomatid Leishmania, which are responsible for diseases such as viral encephalitis, bartonellosis and leishmaniasis, respectively. All metazoans in nature coexist intimately with a community of commensal microorganisms known as microbiota. The microbiota has a fundamental role in the induction, maturation and function of the host immune system, which can modulate host protection from pathogens and infectious diseases. We briefly review viruses of public health importance present in sand flies and revisit studies done on bacterial and fungal gut contents of these vectors. We bring this information into the context of sand fly development and immune responses. We highlight the immunity mechanisms that the insect utilizes to survive the potential threats involved in these interactions and discuss the recently discovered complex interactions among microbiota, sand fly, Leishmania and virus. Additionally, some of the alternative control strategies that could benefit from the current knowledge are considered.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.