Trial reportThe American journal of psychiatry2018
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Parent-Child Psychotherapy Targeting Emotion Development for Early Childhood Depression.
Trial report in The American journal of psychiatry, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 78 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of PCIT-ED for Preschool Depression
Preschool Based Prevention Targeting Emotion Development in Young Children Facing Adversity
Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 141 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of family-based therapy for depressive symptoms in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of psychology : Journal international de psychologie · 2023Pooled it
- A Systematic Review Focusing on Psychotherapeutic Interventions that Impact Parental Psychopathology, Child Psychopathology and Parenting Behavior.Clinical child and family psychology review · 2021Pooled it
- Preadolescent Benefits of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy Emotion Development for Preschool Depression: 4-Year Follow-Up.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2026Trial
- Early Emotion Development Intervention Improves Mental Health Outcomes in Low-Income, High-Risk Community Children.Child psychiatry and human development · 2025Trial
- Dynamic physiology-behavior association patterns in child welfare parents predict response to parenting intervention.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology · 2025Trial
- Parent-child psychotherapy targeting emotion development: unpacking the impact of parental depression on child, parenting and engagement outcomes.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2023Trial
- Maternal emotional intelligence and negative parenting affect are independently associated with callous-unemotional traits in preschoolers.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2023Trial
- A Dynamic Systems Analysis of Dyadic Flexibility and Shared Affect in Preschoolers with and Without Major Depressive Disorder.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2023Trial
- Children's Maternal Representations Moderate the Efficacy of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy-Emotion Development (PCIT-ED) Treatment For Preschool Depression.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2022Trial
- Callous-Unemotional Traits as an Intervention Target and Moderator of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy-Emotion Development Treatment for Preschool Depression and Conduct Problems.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2021Trial
- Sleep problems in preschool-onset major depressive disorder: the effect of treatment with parent-child interaction therapy-emotion development.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2021Trial
- Changes in self-reported and observed parenting following a randomized control trial of parent-child interaction therapy for the treatment of preschool depression.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2021Trial
- The Differential Contribution of the Components of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy Emotion Development for Treatment of Preschool Depression.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2020Trial
- Randomized controlled trial of family-focused treatment for child depression compared to individual psychotherapy: one-year outcomes.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2020Trial
- Preschool-Onset Major Depressive Disorder is Characterized by Electrocortical Deficits in Processing Pleasant Emotional Pictures.Journal of abnormal child psychology · 2020Trial
- Dysregulated Irritability as a Window on Young Children's Psychiatric Risk: Transdiagnostic Effects via the Family Check-Up.Development and psychopathology · 2019Trial
- Hippocampal volume and depression among young children.Psychiatry research. Neuroimaging · 2019Trial
- Neural Indicators of Anhedonia: Predictors and Mechanisms of Treatment Change in a Randomized Clinical Trial in Early Childhood Depression.Biological psychiatry · 2019Trial
- Technology-Enhanced BPT for Early-Onset Behavior Disorders: Improved Outcomes for Children With Co-Occurring Internalizing Symptoms.Journal of clinical child and adolescent psychology : the official journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53Trial
- Establishing a transdiagnostic dimension of early childhood depressive symptoms using the Preschool Feelings Checklist-Scale.JCPP advances · 2026Article
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveClinical depression in children as young as age 3 has been validated, and prevalence rates are similar to the school-age disorder. Homotypic continuity between early and later childhood depression has been observed, with alterations in brain function and structure similar to those reported in depressed adults. These findings highlight the importance of identifying and treating depression as early as developmentally possible, given the relative treatment resistance and small effect sizes for treatments later in life. The authors conducted a randomized controlled trial of a dyadic parent-child psycho-therapy for early childhood depression that focuses on enhancing the child's emotional competence and emotion regulation.
methodA modified version of the empirically tested parent-child interaction therapy with a novel "emotion development" module (PCIT-ED) was compared with a waiting list condition in a randomized controlled trial in 229 parent-child dyads with children 3-6.11 years of age. Both study arms lasted 18 weeks.
resultsChildren in the PCIT-ED group had lower rates of depression (primary outcome), lower depression severity, and lower impairment compared with those in the waiting list condition (Cohen's d values, >1.0). Measures of child emotional functioning and parenting stress and depression were significantly improved in the PCIT-ED group.
conclusionsThe findings from this randomized controlled trial of a parent-child psychotherapy for early childhood depression suggest that earlier identification and intervention in this chronic and relapsing disorder represents a key new pathway for more effective treatment. Manualized PCIT-ED, administered by master's-level clinicians, is feasible for delivery in community health settings.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.