ReviewThe Journal of physiology2019
The impact of loading, unloading, ageing and injury on the human tendon.
Review in The Journal of physiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 115 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
115 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Structural Variations of Tendons: A Systematic Search and Narrative Review of Histological Differences Between Tendons, Tendon Regions, Sex, and Age.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2025Pooled it
- Elastography in the assessment of the Achilles tendon: a systematic review of measurement properties.Journal of foot and ankle research · 2023Pooled it
- Mechanical, Material and Morphological Adaptations of Healthy Lower Limb Tendons to Mechanical Loading: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effectiveness of isometric exercise in the management of tendinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials.BMJ open sport & exercise medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Acute muscle damage responses in elbow flexors following eccentric quasi-isometric exercise.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Extended Restitution Between Sessions Does Not Enhance the Benefits of 12 Weeks Exercise-Based Treatment for Patellar Tendinopathy: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial (The TEREX Trial).Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2026Trial
- Increased Risk of Tendon Injury Following Structured Care in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Post Hoc Analysis of a Large Randomized Controlled Trial With 19 Years of Follow-up.Diabetes care · 2024Trial
- The effects of Shilajit supplementation on fatigue-induced decreases in muscular strength and serum hydroxyproline levels.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2019Trial
- Effects of Mechanical Loading on the Structure and Function of the Achilles Tendon: From Homeostatic Adaptation to Pathological Degeneration.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2026Review
- Biomass-Derived Hydrogels for Load-Bearing Connective Tissue Repair: Integrative Reinforcement, Bio-Functional Design, and Emerging Pathways Toward Clinical Translation.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Impact of controlled type 2 diabetes on muscle-tendon mechanics.Acta diabetologica · 2026Article
- The feasibility of a novel exercise therapy and activity modification intervention for patients with Sever's disease.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2026Article
- An Ex Vivo Model of Laser-Induced Microdamage to Study Tendon Repair.Tissue engineering. Part A · 2026Article
- No short-term changes in tendon structure following temporary replacement of running with low-impact exercises in service members with midportion Achilles tendinopathy: a prospective cohort study.BMJ military health · 2026Article
- Exploring Variable Achilles Tendon Loading Via Active Acoustics.IEEE sensors journal · 2026Article
- Effect of human myoblasts on tenogenic progression in 2D and 3D culture models.Journal of anatomy · 2026Article
- Beyond local injury: pathogenic roles of metabolic, endocrine, and aging-associated systemic factors in tendinopathy and novel therapeutic strategies.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2026Review
- Eccentric Exercise and Muscle Damage: An Introductory Guide.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2026Review
- Differences in Psoas Major Muscle Properties Between Elite Athletes with and Without Chronic Low Back Pain.Sports medicine - open · 2026Article
55 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A tendon transfers force from the contracting muscle to the skeletal system to produce movement and is therefore a crucial component of the entire muscle-tendon complex and its function. However, tendon research has for some time focused on mechanical properties without any major appreciation of potential cellular and molecular changes. At the same time, methodological developments have permitted determination of the mechanical properties of human tendons in vivo, which was previously not possible. Here we review the current understanding of how tendons respond to loading, unloading, ageing and injury from cellular, molecular and mechanical points of view. A mechanistic understanding of tendon tissue adaptation will be vital for development of adequate guidelines in physical training and rehabilitation, as well as for optimal injury treatment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.