ArticleLGBT health2018
Perceived Gender Presentation Among Transgender and Gender Diverse Youth: Approaches to Analysis and Associations with Bullying Victimization and Emotional Distress.
Article in LGBT health, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Relationship Between Identity-Based Social Support, Victimization, and Mental Health among LGBTQ+ Youth.Psychology of sexual orientation and gender diversity · 2026Article
- Exploring alcohol use and harm reduction techniques among transgender and gender diverse youth in Canada: A qualitative study.International journal of transgender health · 2026Article
- Unpacking the +: An inclusive framework for a complex, select-all-that-apply gender identity survey item on a large public health survey.The American journal of orthopsychiatry · 2025Article
- [School-based victimization of transgender youth: A qualitative study].Anales del sistema sanitario de Navarra · 2025Article
- Transgender and Gender-Diverse Minority Stress and Substance Use Frequency and Problems: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Transgender health · 2025Review
- Perceived gender expression nonconformity as an important determinant for vulnerability to bullying and cyberbullying among high school youth in the United States, 2013-2021.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025Article
- State-level gender-affirming healthcare policy and depressive symptoms among LGBTQ+ youth.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025Article
- Sibling Support for Transgender and Gender-Diverse Youth: A Scoping Review.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2024Article
- The Gender Self-Report: A multidimensional gender characterization tool for gender-diverse and cisgender youth and adults.The American psychologist · 2023Article
- Assessment of Quality of Life of Transgender and Gender-Diverse Children and Adolescents in Melbourne, Australia, 2017-2020.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- The moderating effect of physical activity on the relationship between bullying and mental health among sexual and gender minority youth.Journal of sport and health science · 2023Article
- The clinical profile of patients attending a large, Australian pediatric gender service: A 10-year review.International journal of transgender health · 2023Article
- An Analogue Study Investigating Differential Parenting of Gender Conforming and Nonconforming Boys.Archives of sexual behavior · 2022Article
- Gender Variations, Generational Effects, and Mental Health of Transgender People in Relation to Timing and Status of Gender Identity Milestones.Psychology of sexual orientation and gender diversity · 2022Article
- "Words Aren't Supposed to Hurt, But They Do": Sexual and Gender Minority Youth's Bullying Experiences.Journal of interpersonal violence · 2022Article
- Associations of nonconforming gender expression and gender identity with bullying victimization: an analysis of the 2017 youth risk behavior survey.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Article
- Using Family and Ecological Systems Approaches to Conceptualize Family- and Community-Based Experiences of Transgender and/or Nonbinary Youth From the Trans Teen and Family Narratives Project.Psychology of sexual orientation and gender diversity · 2022Article
- Standards of Care for the Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse People, Version 8.International journal of transgender health · 2022Article
- Approach to the Patient: Pharmacological Management of Trans and Gender-Diverse Adolescents.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeAs measures of birth-assigned sex, gender identity, and perceived gender presentation are increasingly included in large-scale research studies, data analysis approaches incorporating such measures are needed. Large samples capable of demonstrating variation within the transgender and gender diverse (TGD) community can inform intervention efforts to improve health equity. A population-based sample of TGD youth was used to examine associations between perceived gender presentation, bullying victimization, and emotional distress using two data analysis approaches.
methodsThis secondary data analysis of the Minnesota Student Survey included 2168 9th and 11th graders who identified as "transgender, genderqueer, genderfluid, or unsure about their gender identity." Youth reported their biological sex, how others perceived their gender presentation, experiences of four forms of bullying victimization, and four measures of emotional distress. Logistic regression and multifactor analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to compare and contrast two analysis approaches.
resultsLogistic regressions indicated that TGD youth perceived as more gender incongruent had higher odds of bullying victimization and emotional distress relative to those perceived as very congruent with their biological sex. Multifactor ANOVAs demonstrated more variable patterns and allowed for comparisons of each perceived presentation group with all other groups, reflecting nuances that exist within TGD youth.
conclusionResearchers should adopt data analysis strategies that allow for comparisons of all perceived gender presentation categories rather than assigning a reference group. Those working with TGD youth should be particularly attuned to youth perceived as gender incongruent as they may be more likely to experience bullying victimization and emotional distress.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.