Trial reportNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2020
Craving to Quit: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Smartphone App-Based Mindfulness Training for Smoking Cessation.
Trial report in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02134509 (Smartphone Application for Smoking Cessation), which is not on this map. Cited by 84 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Smartphone Application for Smoking Cessation
Who cites it
84 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 167 citations in OpenAlex.
- Korean Clinical Practice Guideline of Korean Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco (KSRNT) and National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency (NECA) on Treatment of Tobacco Use 2024.Journal of Korean medical science · 2025Guideline
- Effectiveness and Experience of Implementing Digital Interventions to Promote Smoking Cessation Among Adults With Severe Mental Illness: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Pooled it
- Meditation for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Mindfulness interventions for craving reduction in substance use disorders and behavioral addictions: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.BMC neuroscience · 2023Pooled it
- A systematic review of digital interventions for smoking cessation in patients with serious mental illness.Psychological medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Effectiveness of eHealth Smoking Cessation Interventions: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Pooled it
- A Scoping Review and Meta-analysis of the Use of Remote Biochemical Verification Methods of Smoking Status in Tobacco Research.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Pooled it
- The Effectiveness of Smartphone App-Based Interventions for Assisting Smoking Cessation: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Pooled it
- Mindfulness for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Smoking Cessation Apps: A Systematic Review of Format, Outcomes, and Features.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Inventory and Analysis of Controlled Trials of Mobile Phone Applications Targeting Substance Use Disorders: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Therapeutic contact intensity as an adjunct to a cognitive behavioral smoking cessation app: protocol for a randomized controlled trial.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2026Trial
- Efficacy and long-term engagement of a WeChat-integrated modality versus a traditional quitline on smoking cessation in China: a randomised controlled trial.BMC medicine · 2026Trial
- Mindful moms: acceptability and impact of co-designed and digitally delivered video meditations for pregnant and parenting women with opioid use disorder.Annals of medicine · 2025Trial
- Impact of Ecological Momentary Assessment Participation on Short-Term Smoking Cessation: quitSTART Ecological Momentary Assessment Incentivization Randomized Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Trial
- Feasibility and Acceptability of the Sense2Quit App for Improving Smoking Cessation in PWH.AIDS and behavior · 2025Trial
- The Efficacy of the SinHumo App Combined With a Psychological Treatment to Quit Smoking: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Trial
- Behavioral Activation mHealth Application for Smoking Cessation: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Trial
- Smartband-based smoking detection and real-time brief mindfulness intervention: findings from a feasibility clinical trial.Annals of medicine · 2024Trial
- Digital Smoking Cessation With a Comprehensive Guideline-Based App-Results of a Nationwide, Multicentric, Parallel, Randomized Controlled Trial in Germany.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Trial
24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionMindfulness training may reduce smoking rates and lessen the association between craving and smoking. This trial tested the efficacy of mindfulness training via smartphone app to reduce smoking. Experience sampling (ES) was used to measure real-time craving, smoking, and mindfulness.
methodsA researcher-blind, parallel randomized controlled trial compared the efficacy of mobile mindfulness training with experience sampling (MMT-ES; Craving to Quit) versus experience sampling only (ES) to (1) increase 1-week point-prevalence abstinence rates at 6 months, and (2) lessen the association between craving and smoking. A modified intent-to-treat approach was used for treatment starters (MMT-ES n = 143; ES n = 182; 72% female, 81% white, age 41 ± 12 year).
resultsNo group difference was found in smoking abstinence at 6 months (overall, 11.1%; MMT-ES, 9.8%; ES, 12.1%; χ2(1) = 0.43, p = .51). From baseline to 6 months, both groups showed a reduction in cigarettes per day (p < .0001), craving strength (p < .0001) and frequency (p < .0001), and an increase in mindfulness (p < .05). Using ES data, a craving by group interaction was observed (F(1,3785) = 3.71, p = .05) driven by a stronger positive association between craving and cigarettes per day for ES (t = 4.96, p < .0001) versus MMT-ES (t = 2.03, p = .04). Within MMT-ES, the relationship between craving and cigarettes per day decreased as treatment completion increased (F(1,104) = 4.44, p = .04).
conclusionsAlthough mindfulness training via smartphone app did not lead to reduced smoking rates compared with control, our findings provide preliminary evidence that mindfulness training via smartphone app may help lessen the association between craving and smoking, an effect that may be meaningful to support quitting in the longer term. IMPLICATIONS: This is the first reported full-scale randomized controlled trial of any smartphone app for smoking cessation. Findings provide preliminary evidence that smartphone app-based MMT-ES may lessen the association between craving and smoking.
trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT02134509.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.