ArticleGastroenterology research2018
Possible Risk Factors for Candida Esophagitis in Immunocompetent Individuals.
Article in Gastroenterology research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors for oral and esophageal candidiasis during budesonide treatment in eosinophilic esophagitis patients.Internal and emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Complement C9 deficiency as a novel risk factor for invasive Candida esophagitis in children: a single case in-depth analysis.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Severe kodsi grade IV esophageal candidiasis in an apparently immunocompetent patient without oral thrush: A case report.IDCases · 2026Article
- The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2026Article
- Persistent Esophageal Parakeratosis With Recurrent Candida Esophagitis in a Virally Suppressed Person With HIV.Cureus · 2025Article
- In Vitro Acid Resistance of PathogenicGastro hep advances · 2025Article
- Not the Yeast of Our Worries: A Case of Amphetamine-Induced Esophagitis.Journal of Brown hospital medicine · 2024Article
- Prevalence and clinical risk factors for esophageal candidiasis in non-human immunodeficiency virus patients: A multicenter retrospective case-control study.World journal of gastrointestinal endoscopy · 2023Article
- Chronic fibrosing esophagitis with diffuse esophageal intramural pseudo-diverticulosis.JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2022Review
- Article
- Risk factors for the development of esophageal candidiasis among patients in community hospital.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- [Rare inflammatory diseases of the esophagus].Der Internist · 2019Review
- A rare case report of fungal esophagitis combined with giant gastric ulcer in an immunocompetent patient.Medicine · 2019Article
- Diagnosis and Treatment of Esophageal Candidiasis: Current Updates.Canadian journal of gastroenterology & hepatology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCandida esophagitis (CE) is a condition typically diagnosed in patients who are immunocompromised. Risk factors leading to the development of CE in immunocompetent patients have not been entirely elucidated. This study set out to identify risk factors associated with the development of CE in immunocompetent patients.
methodsThis study was a single-center retrospective chart review. Patients diagnosed with CE confirmed by endoscopic biopsy or brushings at our hospital between 2007 and 2017 were reviewed. The medical histories, endoscopy reports and pathology results were noted. Abdominal pain, heartburn, dysphagia and odynophagia were the common indications for endoscopy. A total of 241 patients were identified as having been diagnosed with CE by endoscopic brushing or biopsy. Of these patients, 161 were excluded due to the presence of immunocompromising and 80 patients were included who had no underlying immunocompromising conditions.
resultsEighty patients with CE satisfied the inclusion criteria. The mean age of patients at the time of diagnosis was 39.8 years old (95% CI: 34.9 - 44.7). The incidences in men and women were similar in this study (49% women and 51% men). Of these patients, 56 (70%) (95% CI: 59-80%; P < 0.005) were taking proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Fifteen patients (19%) had a previous upper endoscopy with evidence of reflux esophagitis, and they were all treated with PPIs and subsequently found to have CE on repeat upper endoscopy with a mean of 21.6 months of PPI treatment. There were 16 (20%) patients without any attributable risk factor and were completely healthy.
conclusionsCE is an opportunistic infection typically seen in immunocompromised. We report incidence of CE in immunocompetent patients. In our cohort of immunocompetent patients, PPI use was the most common risk factor associated with the development of CE. This could be related to hypochlorhydria resulting from PPI use. However, the cause remains unclear in some patients.
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