ArticleThe international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease2018
Synergism between diabetes and human immunodeficiency virus in increasing the risk of tuberculosis.
Article in The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence for community-based HIV testing on men's engagement in the HIV care cascade.International journal of STD & AIDS · 2022Pooled it
- Tuberculosis risk among people with diabetes mellitus in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2022Pooled it
- Associations Between Both HIV and Metabolic Comorbidity and Self-Reported Mpox Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2025Article
- Tackling syndemics by integrating infectious and noncommunicable diseases in health systems of low- and middle-income countries: A narrative systematic review.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Tuberculosis treatment outcomes of diabetic and non-diabetic TB/HIV co-infected patients: A nationwide observational study in Brazil.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Community-based referral for tuberculosis preventive therapy is effective for treatment completion.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
- Opportunities for community health workers to contribute to global efforts to end tuberculosis.Global public health · 2020Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
settingCommunity health screenings in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa.
objectiveTo study the synergism between diabetes mellitus (DM) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in increasing the risk of tuberculosis (TB).
designIn this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from two community health projects, one at congregate settings, and one at household settings (n = 7708), in a rural resource-limited region where integrated communicable and non-communicable disease screening services were offered. Odds ratios (ORs) for demographic factors, socio-economic factors, DM status, and HIV positivity were calculated using multivariate analysis, and the statistical interaction between HIV and DM was tested. The primary outcome was the presence of TB symptoms.
resultsAmong 7708 individuals, age >65 years (OR 1.72, 95%CI 1.47-2.02), HIV infection (OR 1.66, 95%CI 1.40-1.97) and DM (OR 1.36, 95%CI 1.11-1.67) were independently associated with increased odds of TB symptoms. Receiving monthly grants (OR 0.78, 95%CI 0.66-0.91), access to a toilet (OR 0.54, 95%CI 0.35-0.83), and access to solar or electric energy (OR 0.86, 95%CI 0.77-0.97) reduced the odds. There was evidence of significant interaction between DM and HIV on the multiplicative scale.
conclusionDM and HIV synergistically increased the odds of TB symptoms according to these retrospective data. Future studies should prospectively evaluate synergism between HIV and DM in increasing the risk of active TB.
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