ArticleCancers2018
Constitutive Activation of STAT3 in Myeloma Cells Cultured in a Three-Dimensional, Reconstructed Bone Marrow Model.
Article in Cancers, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- STAT3 as a potential therapeutic target in triple negative breast cancer: a systematic review.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2019Pooled it
- 3D biomimetic microgel platform for multiple myeloma: Approaching tumor microenvironment on cell lines and patient-derived cells.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Review
- Human preclinical multiple myeloma in vitro models for disease modeling and therapy screening.Journal of biological engineering · 2025Review
- Modeling the Bone Marrow Niche in Multiple Myeloma: From 2D Cultures to 3D Systems.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Genetic, epigenetic, and molecular determinants of multiple myeloma and precursor plasma cell disorders: a pathophysiological overview.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Resolving therapy resistance mechanisms in multiple myeloma by multiomics subclone analysis.Blood · 2023Article
- Establishment of A Three-Dimensional Culture Condition for The U266 Cell Line Based on Peripheral Blood Plasma-Derived Fibrin Gels.Cell journal · 2023Article
- Patient-Derived Multiple Myeloma 3D Models for Personalized Medicine-Are We There Yet?International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Chk1 Inhibition Potently Blocks STAT3 Tyrosine705 Phosphorylation, DNA-Binding Activity, and Activation of Downstream Targets in Human Multiple Myeloma Cells.Molecular cancer research : MCR · 2022Article
- Three-Dimensional Reconstructed Bone Marrow Matrix Culture Improves the Viability of Primary Myeloma Cells In-Vitro via a STAT3-Dependent Mechanism.Current issues in molecular biology · 2021Article
- OmpA Protein-DeficientPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Article
- Novel Interleukin-6 Inducible Gene PDZ-Binding Kinase Promotes Tumor Growth of Multiple Myeloma Cells.Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research · 2020Article
- Ex Vivo Models Simulating the Bone Marrow Environment and Predicting Response to Therapy in Multiple Myeloma.Cancers · 2020Review
- Pharmacological Inhibition of Oncogenic STAT3 and STAT5 Signaling in Hematopoietic Cancers.Cancers · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Malignant cells cultured in three-dimensional (3D) models have been found to be phenotypically and biochemically different from their counterparts cultured conventionally. Since most of these studies employed solid tumor types, how 3D culture affects multiple myeloma (MM) cells is not well understood. Here, we compared MM cells (U266 and RPMI8226) in a 3D culture model with those in conventional culture. While the conventionally cultured cells were present in single cells or small clusters, MM-3D cells grew in large spheroids. We discovered that STAT3 was the pathway that was more activated in 3D in both cell lines. The active form of STAT3 (phospho-STAT3 or pSTAT3), which was absent in MM cells cultured conventionally, became detectable after 1⁻2 days in 3D culture. This elevated pSTAT3 level was dependent on the 3D environment, since it disappeared after transferring to conventional culture. STAT3 inhibition using a pharmacological agent, Stattic, significantly decreased the cell viability of MM cells and sensitized them to bortezomib in 3D culture. Using an oligonucleotide array, we found that 3D culture significantly increased the expression of several known STAT3 downstream genes implicated in oncogenesis. Since most primary MM tumors are naturally STAT3-active, studies of MM in 3D culture can generate results that are more representative of the disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.