ArticlePloS one2018
Plasmatic membrane toll-like receptor expressions in human astrocytomas.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- TLR2 and TLR9 in Brain Cancer Patients in Relation to EBV Status.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Tumor-intrinsic TLR4 signaling as a context-dependent rheostat in glioblastoma.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Review
- The potential crosstalk genes and molecular mechanisms between glioblastoma and periodontitis.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Toll-like receptor-guided therapeutic intervention of human cancers: molecular and immunological perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- TLR9 and Glioma: Friends or Foes?Cells · 2022Review
- Pyroptosis-related prognosis model, immunocyte infiltration characterization, and competing endogenous RNA network of glioblastoma.BMC cancer · 2022Article
- Toll-like receptors and toll-like receptor-targeted immunotherapy against glioma.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2021Review
- Late p65 nuclear translocation in glioblastoma cells indicates non-canonical TLR4 signaling and activation of DNA repair genes.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Toll-Like Receptors as Therapeutic Targets in Central Nervous System Tumors.BioMed research international · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the first to identify disturbances in the immune system, recognizing pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Since the inflammation process plays an important role in several diseases, TLRs have been considered potential therapeutic targets, including treatment for cancer. However, TLRs' role in cancer remains ambiguous. This study aims to analyze the expression levels of plasmatic cell membrane TLRs (TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, and TLR6) in human astrocytomas the most prevalent tumors of CNS different grades (II-IV). We demonstrated that TLR expressions were higher in astrocytoma samples compared to non-neoplastic brain tissue. The gene and protein expressions were observed in GBM cell lines U87MG and A172, proving their presence in the tumor cells. Associated expressions between the known heterodimers TLR1-TLR2 were found in all astrocytoma grades. In GBMs, the mesenchymal subtype showed higher levels of TLR expressions in relation to classical and proneural subtypes. A strong association of TLRs with the activation of cell cycle process and signaling through canonical, inflammasome and ripoptosome pathways was observed by in silico analysis, further highlighting TLRs as interesting targets for cancer treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.