SynthesisPloS one2018
Acellular pertussis vaccines effectiveness over time: A systematic review, meta-analysis and modeling study.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Delayed introduction, transmission variation and susceptible dynamics explain spatial asynchrony during Republic of Korea's large pertussis outbreak.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2026Article
- As pertussis returns to pre-COVID19 endemicity, vaccination remains our best ally against an evolvingEmerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Resurgence of pertussis: Epidemiological trends, contributing factors, challenges, and recommendations for vaccination and surveillance.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Natural immune boosting biases pertussis infection estimates in seroprevalence studies.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Article
- Methodology of Epidemic Risk Analysis in the Naval Military.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Review
- Review
- Pertussis resurgence: epidemiological trends, pathogenic mechanisms, and preventive strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Epidemiological and spatial-temporal clustering characteristics of pertussis in Southwest China, 2013-2024.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Pertussis vaccines, epidemiology and evolution.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2024Review
- The Present and Future Aspects of Life-Long Pertussis Prevention: Narrative Review with Regional Perspectives for Türkiye.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2023Review
- Review
- T cell reactivity to Bordetella pertussis is highly diverse regardless of childhood vaccination.Cell host & microbe · 2023Article
- Evaluation of Whole-Cell and Acellular Pertussis Vaccines in the Context of Long-Term Herd Immunity.Vaccines · 2022Review
- Impact of industry sponsorship on the quality of systematic reviews of vaccines: a cross-sectional analysis of studies published from 2016 to 2019.Systematic reviews · 2022Article
- Lessons from a mature acellular pertussis vaccination program and strategies to overcome suboptimal vaccine effectiveness.Expert review of vaccines · 2022Article
- The perinatal health challenges of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases: A narrative review.Frontiers in public health · 2022Review
- Bordetella pertussis in School-Age Children, Adolescents and Adults: A Systematic Review of Epidemiology and Mortality in Europe.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2021Review
- Durability of protection after 5 doses of acellular pertussis vaccine among 5-9 year old children in King County, Washington.Vaccine · 2021Article
- Decision-making on maternal pertussis vaccination among women in a vaccine-hesitant religious group: Stages and needs.PloS one · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAcellular pertussis vaccine studies postulate that waning protection, particularly after the adolescent booster, is a major contributor to the increasing US pertussis incidence. However, these studies reported relative (ie, vs a population given prior doses of pertussis vaccine), not absolute (ie, vs a pertussis vaccine naïve population) efficacy following the adolescent booster. We aim to estimate the absolute protection offered by acellular pertussis vaccines.
methodsWe conducted a systematic review of acellular pertussis vaccine effectiveness (VE) publications. Studies had to comply with the US schedule, evaluate clinical outcomes, and report VE over discrete time points. VE after the 5-dose childhood series and after the adolescent sixth-dose booster were extracted separately and pooled. All relative VE estimates were transformed to absolute estimates. VE waning was estimated using meta-regression modeling.
findingsThree studies reported VE after the childhood series and four after the adolescent booster. All booster studies reported relative VE (vs acellular pertussis vaccine-primed population). We estimate initial childhood series absolute VE is 91% (95% CI: 87% to 95%) and declines at 9.6% annually. Initial relative VE after adolescent boosting is 70% (95% CI: 54% to 86%) and declines at 45.3% annually. Initial absolute VE after adolescent boosting is 85% (95% CI: 84% to 86%) and declines at 11.7% (95% CI: 11.1% to 12.3%) annually.
interpretationAcellular pertussis vaccine efficacy is initially high and wanes over time. Observational VE studies of boosting failed to recognize that they were measuring relative, not absolute, VE and the absolute VE in the boosted population is better than appreciated.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.