ArticleAlcoholism, clinical and experimental research2018
Associations Between State-Level Policies Regarding Alcohol Use Among Pregnant Women, Adverse Birth Outcomes, and Prenatal Care Utilization: Results from 1972 to 2013 Vital Statistics.
Article in Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mandated supporting, not reporting: Reimagining maternal health care for women who use drugs.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2026Article
- Alcohol Sales Taxes Are Associated With Reduced Preterm Birth and Low Birthweight in the United States.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2026Article
- Associations Between State Alcohol Policy Environment and Infant and Maternal Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study.American journal of preventive medicine · 2026Article
- Alcohol and pregnancy: Benefits and harms of pregnancy-specific alcohol policies among maternal-infant dyads covered by Medicaid.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2026Article
- Mandatory warning signs for alcohol use during pregnancy and birth and infant outcomes in southern United States: a quasi-experimental study.Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire) · 2025Article
- The Relationship Between Alcohol Availability and Drink-Driving Policies and Admissions to Substance Use Disorder Treatment During Pregnancy.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2025Article
- Relationships between state-level general population alcohol policies and birth outcomes: Results from 1972-2019 vital statistics.PloS one · 2025Article
- Interactive effects between pregnancy-related alcohol policies and state spirits availability on infant and maternal outcomes.The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse · 2025Article
- Trends in U.S. State Alcohol and Other Drug Use During Pregnancy Policies from 2016 to 2020: Policymaking in the Comprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act Era.Substance use & misuse · 2025Article
- Relationships Between Alcohol Policies and Infant Morbidities and Injuries.American journal of preventive medicine · 2024Article
- Training health professionals to reduce overreporting of birthing people who use drugs to child welfare.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2024Article
- Associations between alcohol taxes and varied health outcomes among women of reproductive age and infants.Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire) · 2024Article
- Pregnancy-specific alcohol policies and admissions to substance use disorder treatment for pregnant people in the USA.Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire) · 2023Article
- Preserving Families of Children in Child Welfare with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: Challenges and Opportunities.Child welfare · 2023Article
- Associations between state-level general population alcohol policies and drinking outcomes among women of reproductive age: Results from 1984 to 2020 National Alcohol Surveys.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2023Article
- Association of Pregnancy-Specific Alcohol Policies With Infant Morbidities and Maltreatment.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Association of Mandatory Warning Signs for Cannabis Use During Pregnancy With Cannabis Use Beliefs and Behaviors.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Afraid to Seek Care? A Fixed Effects Analysis of State Fetal Protection Legislation and Prenatal Healthcare Utilization from 2002 to 2015.SSM - population health · 2022Article
- Relationship between mandatory warning signs for cannabis use during pregnancy policies and birth outcomes in the Western United States.Preventive medicine · 2022Article
- Prenatal substance use policies and newborn health.Health economics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPolicies regarding alcohol use during pregnancy continue to be enacted and debated in the United States. However, no study to date has examined whether these policies are related to birth outcomes-the outcomes they ultimately aim to improve. Here, we assessed whether state-level policies targeting alcohol use during pregnancy are related to birth outcomes, which has not been done comprehensively before.
methodsThe study involved secondary analyses of birth certificate data from 148,048,208 U.S. singleton births between 1972 and 2013. Exposures were indicators of whether the following 8 policies were in effect during gestation: Mandatory Warning Signs (MWS), Priority Treatment for Pregnant Women, Priority Treatment for Pregnant Women/Women with Children, Reporting Requirements for Data and Treatment Purposes, Prohibitions Against Criminal Prosecution, Civil Commitment, Reporting Requirements for Child Protective Services Purposes, and Child Abuse/Child Neglect. Outcomes were low birthweight (<2,500 g), premature birth (<37 weeks), any prenatal care utilization (PCU), late PCU, inadequate PCU, and normal (≥7) APGAR score. Multivariable fixed-effect logistic regressions controlling for both maternal- and state-level covariates were used for statistical analyses.
resultsOf the 8 policies, 6 were significantly related to worse outcomes and 2 were not significantly related to any outcomes. The policy requiring MWS was related to the most outcomes: specifically, living in a state with MWS was related to 7% higher odds of low birthweight (p < 0.001); 4% higher odds of premature birth (p < 0.004); 18% lower odds of any PCU (p < 0.001); 12% higher odds of late PCU (p < 0.002); and 10% lower odds of a normal APGAR score (p < 0.001) compared to living in a state without MWS.
conclusionsMost policies targeting alcohol use during pregnancy do not have their intended effects and are related to worse birth outcomes and less PCU.
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