Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29911818›Full record

ReviewHealth promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice2018

The opioid crisis in Canada: a national perspective.

Lisa Belzak, Jessica Halverson

Registry-linked trialAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05708521 (Optimization of Post-Operative Pain Following Orthognathic Surgery With Personalized Opioid Prescription and Tapering Protocols), which is not on this map. Cited by 224 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
224citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05708521 phase4active not recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

Optimization of Post-Operative Pain Following Orthognathic Surgery With Personalized Opioid Prescription and Tapering Protocols

TypeinterventionalSponsorNova Scotia Health AuthorityRan2023 to 2026Enrolled201ConditionsPain, Postoperative, Orthognathic Surgery, Opioid Use, Patient SatisfactionArmsPersonalization of dose and frequency and instituting a tapering protocol of hydromorphone post-orthognathic surgery, Standardized dose and frequency of hydromorphone with no tapering post-orthognathic surgery
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

224 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Supervised consumption sites and population-level overdose mortality: a systematic review of recent evidence, 2016-2024.Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Examination of the nutritional intake of patients undergoing opioid replacement therapy: A systematic review.Nutrition & dietetics : the journal of the Dietitians Association of Australia · 2023
    Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Pooled it
  8. Pooled it
  9. Pooled it
  10. Trial
  11. Trial
  12. Trial
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

164 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Lisa BelzakPublic Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Jessica HalversonPublic Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThis review provides a national summary of what is currently known about the Canadian opioid crisis with respect to opioid-related deaths and harms and potential risk factors as of December 2017.

methodsWe reviewed all public-facing opioid-related surveillance or epidemiological reports published by provincial and territorial ministries of health and chief coroners' or medical examiners' offices. In addition, we reviewed publications from federal partners and reports and articles published prior to December 2017. We synthesized the evidence by comparing provincial and territorial opioid-related mortality and morbidity rates with the national rates to look for regional trends.

resultsThe opioid crisis has affected every region of the country, although some jurisdictions have been impacted more than others. As of 2016, apparent opioid-related deaths and hospitalization rates were highest in the western provinces of British Columbia and Alberta and in both Yukon and the Northwest Territories. Nationally, most apparent opioid-related deaths occurred among males; individuals between 30 and 39 years of age accounted for the greatest proportion. Current evidence suggests regional age and sex differences with respect to health outcomes, especially when synthetic opioids are involved. However, differences between data collection methods and reporting requirements may impact the interpretation and comparability of reported data.

conclusionThis report identifies gaps in evidence and areas for further investigation to improve our understanding of the national opioid crisis. The Public Health Agency of Canada will continue to work closely with the provinces, territories and national partners to further refine and standardize national data collection, conduct special studies and expand information-sharing to improve the evidence needed to inform public health action and prevent opioid-related deaths and harms.

Indexed as

Age FactorsCanadaDrug OverdoseEmergency Medical ServicesFentanylHospitalizationHumansIllicit DrugsNaloxoneNarcotic AntagonistsNarcoticsOpioid-Related DisordersPrescription DrugsRisk FactorsSex FactorsVulnerable PopulationsFentanylIllicit DrugsNaloxoneNarcotic AntagonistsNarcoticsPrescription DrugsCanadacrisisdeathsfentanylharmsopioidoverdose

Identifiers

PMID29911818
PMCPMC6034966

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.