Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29910614›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of nanomedicine2018

RIPL peptide-conjugated nanostructured lipid carriers for enhanced intracellular drug delivery to hepsin-expressing cancer cells.

Sang Gon Lee, Chang Hyun Kim, Si Woo Sung, Eun Seok Lee, Min Su Goh, Ho Yub Yoon, Myung Joo Kang, Sangkil Lee, Young Wook Choi

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of nanomedicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
1.1field-weighted citation impact, top 23% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Sang Gon Lee *College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Chang Hyun Kim *College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Si Woo SungCollege of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Eun Seok LeeCollege of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Min Su GohCollege of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Ho Yub YoonCollege of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Myung Joo KangCollege of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Chungnam, Republic of Korea.
Sangkil LeeCollege of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
Young Wook ChoiCollege of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Chung-Ang University · KRKeimyung University · KR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTo facilitate selective and enhanced drug delivery to hepsin (Hpn)-expressing cancer cells, RIPL peptide (IPLVVPLRRRRRRRRC, 16-mer)-conjugated nanostructured lipid carriers (RIPL-NLCs) were developed.

methodsNLCs were prepared using a solvent emulsification-evaporation method and the RIPL peptide was conjugated to the maleimide-derivatized NLCs via the thiol-maleimide reaction. Employing a fluorescent probe (DiI), in vitro target-selective intracellular uptake behaviors were observed using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Separately, docetaxel (DTX) was encapsulated by pre-loading technique, then cytotoxicity and drug release were evaluated. In vivo antitumor efficacy was investigated in BALB/c nude mice with SKOV3 cell tumors after intratumoral injections of different DTX formulations at a dose equivalent to 10 mg/kg DTX.

resultsRIPL-NLCs showed positively charged nanodispersion, whereas NLCs were negatively charged. DTX was successfully encapsulated with an encapsulation efficiency and drug loading capacity of 95-98% and 44-46 µg/mg, respectively. DTX release was diffusion-controlled, revealing the best fit to the Higuchi equation. Cellular uptake of DiI-loaded RIPL-NLCs was 8.3- and 6.2-fold higher than that of DiI-loaded NLCs, in Hpn(+) SKOV3 and LNCaP cells, respectively. The translocation of RIPL-NLCs into SKOV3 cells was time-dependent with internalization within 1 h and distribution throughout the cytoplasm after 2 h. DTX-loaded RIPL-NLCs (DTX-RIPL-NLCs) revealed dose-dependent in vitro cytotoxicity, while drug-free formulations were non-cytotoxic. In SKOV3-bearing xenograft mouse model, DTX-RIPL-NLCs significantly inhibited tumor growth: the inhibition ratios of the DTX solution-treated and DTX-RIPL-NLC-treated groups were 61.4% and 91.2%, respectively, compared to those of the saline-treated group (control).

conclusionRIPL-NLCs are good candidates for Hpn-selective drug targeting with a high loading capacity of hydrophobic drug molecules.

Indexed as

AnimalsAntineoplastic AgentsCell Line, TumorDocetaxelDrug CarriersDrug Delivery SystemsDrug LiberationFemaleHumansHydrophobic and Hydrophilic InteractionsLipidsMaleimidesMice, Inbred BALB CMice, NudeNanostructuresParticle SizeAntineoplastic AgentsDocetaxelDrug CarriershepsinLipidsmaleimideMaleimidesPeptidesSerine EndopeptidasesTaxoidsantitumor efficacydocetaxelintracellular deliverynanostructured lipid carriersRIPL peptidetargeting

Identifiers

PMID29910614
PMCPMC5987859
OpenAlexW2806263720

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.