Observational studyThe Journal of pediatrics2018
Maternal Perceived Stress during Pregnancy Increases Risk for Low Neonatal Iron at Delivery and Depletion of Storage Iron at One Year.
Observational study in The Journal of pediatrics, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effects of Psychological and Environmental Stress on Micronutrient Concentrations in the Body: A Review of the Evidence.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2020Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of Ashwagandha (Frontiers in global women's health · 2026Trial
- Phylum level differences in the gut bacteria of nursing infants and growth-related decreases in iron reserves are associated with the microstructural organization of cortical white matter tracts in rhesus monkeys.Neurobiology of stress · 2026Article
- Cortisol Stress Response is Associated with Iron Status in Pregnancy.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Maternal Prenatal Psychosocial Stress in Relation to Maternal and Neonatal Anemia.Current developments in nutrition · 2026Article
- Maternal Prenatal Psychological Stress and Iron Levels in the Fetal Brain.Developmental psychobiology · 2025Article
- Effects of prenatal iron deficiency on neurological development and related disorders in offspring.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Early life stress and iron metabolism in developmental psychoneuroimmunology.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
- Early-life adversity is associated with poor iron status in infancy.Development and psychopathology · 2023Article
- The Interaction between Psychological Stress and Iron Status on Early-Life Neurodevelopmental Outcomes.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Reticulocyte Hemoglobin Equivalent has Comparable Predictive Accuracy as Conventional Serum Iron Indices for Predicting Iron Deficiency and Anemia in a Nonhuman Primate model of Infantile Iron Deficiency.The Journal of nutrition · 2023Article
- Impact and interactions between risk factors on the iron status of at-risk neonates.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2022Article
- Prenatal stress perturbs fetal iron homeostasis in a sex specific manner.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Ethnic differences in adverse iron status in early pregnancy: a cross-sectional population-based study.Journal of nutritional science · 2022Article
- Review
- Infantile Iron Deficiency Affects Brain Development in Monkeys Even After Treatment of Anemia.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2021Article
- Iron stores at birth in a full-term normal birth weight birth cohort with a low level of inflammation.Bioscience reports · 2020Article
- Maternal Prenatal Psychosocial Stress and Prepregnancy BMI Associations with Fetal Iron Status.Current developments in nutrition · 2020Article
- Perceived Stress and Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Urban Thailand.Psychology research and behavior management · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate the impact of maternal stress during pregnancy on newborn iron and stage 1 iron deficiency at 1 year of age. STUDY
designIn total, 245 mothers and their newborn infants (52% male; 72% white) were recruited at the Meriter Hospital Birthing Center on the basis of known risk factors for iron deficiency. Umbilical cord blood hemoglobin and zinc protoporphyrin/heme (ZnPP/H) were determined to evaluate erythrocyte iron and plasma ferritin was determined to reflect storage iron. Mothers retrospectively reported stress experienced previously during pregnancy on a 25-item questionnaire. Blood was also was collected from 79 infants who were breastfed at 1 year of age.
resultsMaternal recall of distress and health concerns during pregnancy correlated with cord blood ZnPP/H indices (r = 0.21, P < .01), even in the absence of major traumatic events. When concurrent with other known risks for iron deficiency, including maternal adiposity, socioeconomic status, and race, maternal stress had a summative effect, lowering cord blood iron. At 1 year, 24% of infants who were breastfed had moderate iron deficiency (plasma ferritin <12 µg/L). Higher cord blood ZnPP/H was predictive of this moderate iron deficiency (95% CI 0.26-1.47, P = .007). When coincident with maternal reports of gestational stress, the likelihood of low plasma ferritin at 1 year increased 36-fold in breastfed infants as compared with low-stress pregnancies (95% CI 1.33-6.83, P = .007).
conclusionsMaternal recall of stress during pregnancy was associated with lower iron stores at birth. High cord blood ZnPP/H, reflecting low erythrocyte iron, was correlated with the likelihood of stage 1 iron deficiency at 1 year, when rapid growth can deplete storage iron in breastfed infants.
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Registered trials
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