ArticleEnvironment international2018
Incident thyroid disease in female spouses of private pesticide applicators.
Article in Environment international, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exposure to pesticides and the risk of hypothyroidism: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2023Pooled it
- Time for Re-Evaluating the Human Carcinogenicity of Ethylenedithiocarbamate Fungicides? A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Endocrine-Disrupting Pesticides as Drivers of Human Disease: Mechanistic Toxicology and Life-Course Health Effects.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- What Is the Impact of Glyphosate on the Thyroid? An Updated Review.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Cross-Sectional Examination of Thyroid Hormones and Environmental Exposure to Multiclass Pesticides in Women of Reproductive Age in China.Environmental health perspectives · 2024Article
- Child exposure to organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides measured in urine, wristbands, and household dust and its implications for child health in South Africa: A panel study.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2024Article
- Human exposure to pesticides and thyroid cancer: a worldwide systematic review of the literatures.Thyroid research · 2023Review
- Biotechnological and Medical Aspects of Lactic Acid Bacteria Used for Plant Protection: A Comprehensive Review.Biotech (Basel (Switzerland)) · 2022Review
- Endocrine-disrupting activity of mancozeb.Arhiv za farmaciju · 2021Article
- Environmental Occurrence, Toxicity Concerns, and Degradation of Diazinon Using a Microbial System.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- Pesticide exposure and incident thyroid cancer among male pesticide applicators in agricultural health study.Environment international · 2021Article
- Proceedings of the 2019 National Toxicology Program Satellite Symposium.Toxicologic pathology · 2019Article
- Establishment of cumulative assessment groups of pesticides for their effects on the thyroid.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2019Article
- Pesticide use and incident hyperthyroidism in farmers in the Agricultural Health Study.Occupational and environmental medicine · 2019Article
- Cancer incidence in the Agricultural Health Study after 20 years of follow-up.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2019Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLittle is known about modifiable risk factors for thyroid disease. Several pesticides have been implicated in thyroid disruption, but clinical implications are not clear.
objectiveWe assessed associations between pesticide use and other farm exposures and incident hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in female spouses of farmers in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS).
methodsWe used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals for risk of thyroid disease in 24,092 spouses who completed at least one follow-up questionnaire.
resultsWe identified 1627 hypothyroid and 531 hyperthyroid cases over 20 years of follow-up. The fungicides benomyl, maneb/mancozeb, and metalaxyl, the herbicide pendimethalin, and among those over 60 years of age the insecticides parathion and permethrin (applied to crops) were associated with elevated hypothyroidism risk, with HR ranging from 1.56-2.44. Conversely, the insecticide phorate, and the herbicides imazethapyr and metolachlor were associated with decreased risk (HR ranging 0.63-0.73), as were long-term farm residence and other farm-related activities (HR ranging 0.69-0.84). For hyperthyroidism, the insecticide diazinon, the fungicides maneb/mancozeb, and the herbicide metolachlor were associated with increased risk (HR ranging 1.35-2.01) and the herbicide trifluralin with decreased risk (HR: 0.57).
conclusionsSeveral individual pesticides were associated with increased risk of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, although some pesticides were associated with decreased risk. Some of the findings, specifically associations with fungicides, are consistent with results from an earlier analysis of prevalent diseases in AHS spouses.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.