ArticlePsychopharmacology2018
Effects of Δ9-THC and cannabidiol vapor inhalation in male and female rats.
Article in Psychopharmacology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- Persistent effects of repeated adolescent and adult heroin vapor inhalation in female Wistar rats.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Repeated whole-body inhalation of cannabidiol vapor induces progressive pulmonary inflammatory and vascular remodeling without systemic toxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats.Veterinary world · 2026Article
- Chronic Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Inhalation Following Osteoporosis Results in Bone Deficits.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Pharmacotherapy for Cannabis Use Disorder: Preclinical and Clinical Models.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2026Review
- Cannabinoid efficacy for pain: dose, chronicity and route.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- Cannabis produces acute hyperphagia in humans and rodents via increased reward valuation for, and motivation to, acquire food.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Assessment of the associative determinants of tolerance to the effects of cannabis extract on exploratory behavior in rats.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2025Article
- THC Vapor Inhalation Attenuates Hyperalgesia in Rats Using a Chronic Inflammatory Pain Model.The journal of pain · 2024Article
- Cannabidiol Protects against the Reinstatement of Oxycodone-Induced Conditioned Place Preference in Adolescent Male but Not Female Rats: The Role of MOR and CB1R.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Impairment of Endothelial Function by Aerosol From Marijuana Leaf Vaporizers.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2023Article
- Repeated Exposure to High-THCeNeuro · 2023Article
- Sex- and Gender-Specific Drug Abuse Dynamics: The Need for Tailored Therapeutic Approaches.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Article
- High-CBD Cannabis Vapor Attenuates Opioid Reward and Partially Modulates Nociception in Female Rats.Addiction neuroscience · 2023Article
- Nasal accumulation and metabolism of ΔPharmacological research · 2023Article
- Cannabidiol and Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Interactions in Male and Female Rats With Persistent Inflammatory Pain.The journal of pain · 2023Article
- The long-term effects of repeated heroin vapor inhalation during adolescence on measures of nociception and anxiety-like behavior in adult Wistar rats.Psychopharmacology · 2022Article
- Reinforcing effects of fentanyl and sufentanil aerosol puffs in rats.Psychopharmacology · 2022Article
- Impact of the mouse estrus cycle on cannabinoid receptor agonist-induced molecular and behavioral outcomes.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2022Review
- Chronic ∆-9-tetrahydrocannabinol administration delays acquisition of schedule-induced drinking in rats and retains long-lasting effects.Psychopharmacology · 2022Article
- Cannabinoid tetrad effects of oral Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) in male and female rats: sex, dose-effects and time course evaluations.Psychopharmacology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
rationalePrevious studies report sex differences in some, but not all, responses to cannabinoids in rats. The majority of studies use parenteral injection; however, most human use is via smoke inhalation and, increasingly, vapor inhalation.
objectivesTo compare thermoregulatory and locomotor responses to inhaled ∆
resultsTHC inhalation reduced body temperature and increased tail-withdrawal latency in both sexes equivalently and in a concentration-dependent manner. Female temperature, activity, and tail-withdrawal responses to THC did not differ between estrus and diestrus. CBD inhalation alone induced modest hypothermia and suppressed locomotor activity in both males and females. Co-administration of THC with CBD, in a 1:4 ratio, significantly decreased temperature and activity in an approximately additive manner and to similar extent in each sex. Plasma THC varied with the concentration in the PG vehicle but did not differ across rat sex.
conclusionIn summary, the inhalation of THC or CBD, alone and in combination, produces approximately equivalent effects in male and female rats. This confirms the efficacy of the e-cigarette-based method of THC delivery in female rats.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.